Teaser
barrel,
metaphor,
Veronica,
amphora,
offer,
Lucifer,
ferret,
wheelbarrow,
tidal bore,
birthday
Full Text
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰers- top, tip, point
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰars *bʰores *bʰr̥es spiky leaves
- Albanian bar
- Balto-Slavic *buras
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Celtic *bar- grain?
- Celtic *bargos *barginā bread, cake
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Germanic *baraz spiky leaves, awn, barley
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Germanic *barizaz barley
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East Germanic
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Gothic *bariz
- Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌹𐌶𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 barizeins made of barley
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West Germanic *barī barley
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Old English bere barley
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Old English bærlīċ barley-like
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Middle English barly / barlych barley
- English barley
- Yola baarich / barlich barley
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Old English bereærn barley-house, granary, barn
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Middle English bern / bærn barn
- English barn
- Scots bern barn
- Yola barrn barn
- Italic *βars flour, grain
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰrosdʰos *bʰrosdʰh₁os thorn, spike
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Celtic *brazdos thorn, spike
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Old Irish brot goad, spike
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Middle Irish
- Irish brod goad
- Manx brod goad, prick, nudge
- Scottish Gaelic brod goad, spear, best part
- Germanic *brazdaz *bruzdaz point, spike, thorn
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Northwestern Indo-European *bʰordʰéh₂ *bʰardʰéh₂ beard
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Balto-Slavic *bardā́ˀ beard
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Baltic
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East Baltic
- Latvian bārda beard
- Lithuanian barzda beard
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Finnic *parta beard
- Estonian pard
- Finnish parta beard
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West Baltic
- Old Prussian bordus beard
- Slavic *bordà beard, chin
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Germanic *bardō *bardǭ axe this is the expected Germanic reflex of *bʰardʰéh₂
- North Germanic
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West Germanic *bardā
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Old High German barta
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Middle High German barte axe, hatchet
- German Barte axe, halberd
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Middle High German helmbarte long-handled axe, halberd
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Italian alabarda halberd
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Old French alabarde
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Middle French hallebarde
- French hallebarde
- English halberd
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Middle Dutch
- Germanic *bardaz beard
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Germanic *bardaz beard changed to masculine?
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East Germanic
- Crimean Gothic bars beard
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North Germanic *bardaʀ
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Old Norse *barðr
- Old Norse Hárbarðr Grey-Beard, epithet of Odin
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West Germanic *bard beard
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Old English beard beard
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Middle English berd / bard / bærd beard
- English beard
- Scots beird beard
- Yola bearde
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Frankish *bart
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Old High German bart beard
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Middle High German bart
- German Bart beard
- Yiddish באָרד bord beard, chin
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Germanic *langabardaz
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North Germanic
- Old Norse Langbarðr Long-Beard, epithet of Odin
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West Germanic *langabard ethnonym: Longbeard, Lombard
- Old English Langbeardas Lombards
- Old Norse langbarðar Lombards
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Latin langobardus Lombard
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Central Romance
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Western Romance
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Old French lombard Lombard
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Middle French lombard Lombard
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Middle English Lombard Lombard
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Latin Langobardia Lombardy
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Central Romance
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Italian Lombardia Lombardy
- Japanese ロンバルディア Ronbarudia Lombardy
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Western Romance
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Old French Lombardie Lombardy
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Middle French Lombardie Lombardy
- French Lombardie Lombardy
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Middle English Lombardie Lombardy
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Germanic *bardą
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North Germanic *bardą
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Old Norse barð edge, border, comb, beard, ridge, cliff, beach
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Old East Norse
- Swedish bård border, edging
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Old West Norse
- Icelandic barð brim, edge, ridge, prow
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West Germanic *bordō border, edge, trim
- Old English borda border, fringe, embroidery
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Frankish *bordo
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Middle Dutch borde / boerde
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Old French borde / bourde
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Middle French borde / bord
- French bord border, limit, side, rim, shore
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Old French bordeure
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Middle English bordure edge, boundary, border
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Italic *farðā *farβā beard
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Latin barba beard secondary assimilation to b??
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Central Romance
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Eastern Romance
- Aromanian barbã beard
- Romanian barbă beard, chin
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Western Romance
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Old French barbe beard
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Middle French barbe beard
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Middle English barbe
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Old French barbeor / barbier barber
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Middle French barbier barber
- French barbier barber
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German Barbier barber
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Middle English babour barber
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Latin barbātus *barbūtus
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Western Romance
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Portuguese barbado / barbudo bearded
- Italic *farðakelos? *farβakelos?
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Oscan *farfekola?
- Latin
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Central Romance
- Italian farfecchia mustache
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- to bear, to carry
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Proto-Indo-European *h₂ed-bʰer-
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Proto-Indo-European *h₂ed-bʰerteh₂ carry toward ness, offering noun of state
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Celtic *adbertā sacrifice, offering
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Brythonic *aberθ sacrifice
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Celtic
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Old Irish idbart sacrifice, offering
- Irish íobairt sacrifice, offering, religious, pious
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Proto-Indo-European *h₂ed-bʰereti
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Germanic *atberaną to bring to, to bring forward
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East Germanic
- Gothic 𐌰𐍄𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 atbairan to bring to, to offer, to present
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North Germanic
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West Germanic *atberan
- Old English ætberan to bring, to carry, to bear away
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Italic
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Latin adferre
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Latin affere to bring forth, to report, to offer, to deliver, to produce
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Latin afferēns
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Latin allātus
- Phrygian αββερετ abberet brings, carries
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Proto-Indo-European *h₂ed-bʰertōr
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Italic *adβertōr offerer, conductor, one who bears toward
- Umbrian 𐌀𐌛𐌚𐌄𐌓𐌕𐌖𐌓 arfertur lead priest, flamen
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti bears, carries thematic imperfective
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Old Armenian բերեմ berem to carry, to bring, to bear, to produce
- Armenian բերել berel to bring, to fetch
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Balto-Slavic
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East Baltic
- Lithuanian berti to strew, to scatter
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Slavic *bьrati to pick up, to take
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East Slavic бьрати bĭrati
- Russian брать bratʹ to take
- Ukrainian брати braty to take, to grab
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South Slavic
- Bulgarian бера bera to pick, to gather
- Serbo-Croatian брати brati to pick up, to pick
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West Slavic
- Czech brát to take, to marry
- Polish brać to take
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Celtic *bereti to carry, to bear, to flow
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Celtic *kombereti to use
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Brythonic *kummėrɨd to seize, to take possession, to take away
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Middle Welsh
- Welsh cymryd to take, to accept
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Celtic *ɸarebereti to use
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Brythonic *ėrβėrɨd to use, to employ, to take
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Middle Welsh
- Welsh arfer to use, to be used to, custom, habit
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Old Irish ar·beir
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Old Irish do·airbir
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Middle Irish
- Irish toirbhir to hand over, to deliver, to offer, to dedicate
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Brythonic *bėrɨd
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Brythonic *diβėrɨd to trickle, to drip
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Middle Welsh
- Welsh diferu to drop, to drip
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Brythonic *ėdβėrɨd to reclaim, to recover
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Middle Welsh
- Welsh adfer to reinstate, to restore, to recover
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Old Irish beirid to carry, to bring, to bear, to give
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Old Irish as·beir to disclose, to say, to speak
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Middle Irish
- Irish abair to say, to mean, to refer, to suppose
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Middle Irish
- Irish beir to bear, to win, to bring, to proceed
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Old Irish imm·beir to carry around, to handle, to play
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Middle Irish
- Irish imir to play, to cheat
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Old Irish do·beir
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Middle Irish
- Irish tabhair to give, to bring
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Germanic *beraną to carry, to bear
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Germanic *gaberaną to bear, to give birth, to beget, to bring forth
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East Germanic
- Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 gabairan to bear (children), to give birth, to beget, to compare
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West Germanic *gaberan
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Old English ġeberan to bear (children), to give birth, to bring forth, to support, to sustain
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Old High German giberan
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Middle High German
- German gebären to give birth, to bear
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Germanic *gaburþiz birth
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East Germanic
- Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌸𐍃 gabaurþs birth
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West Germanic *gaburthi
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West Germanic *gaburdidag birthday
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Old English ġebyrddæġ birthday
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Old High German giburtitag birthday
- German Geburtstag birthday
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Old English ġebyrd birth, parentage, nature
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Frankish *geburd
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Old High German giburt
- German Geburt birth
- Yiddish געבורט geburt
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East Germanic
- Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 bairan to bear, to carry, to bring forth
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North Germanic
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Old Norse bera to carry, to bear
- Danish bære to carry, to bear
- Icelandic bera to carry, to bear
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West Germanic *beran
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Old English beran to carry, to bear, to wear
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Middle English beren / bearen to bear
- Scots bere / beir to bear, to carry
- Yola ber / baar to bear, to carry
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Frankish *beran
- Old High German beran to bear
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Germanic *bēriz bearable, viable, fruitful, of bearing
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North Germanic
- Old Norse bærr appropriate
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West Germanic *-bāri
- Old English -bǣre -bearing, -like, -ly
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Frankish *-bāri
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Old High German -bari
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Middle High German -bære
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Old High German *wunterbāri
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Middle High German wunderbære
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German wunderbar wonderful
- Swedish underbar wonderful, marvelous
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Middle Dutch wonderbaer
- Dutch wonderbaar wonderful, marvelous
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Germanic *berilaz tool for carrying, container, stretcher
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East Germanic
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North Germanic
- Old Norse berill vessel, barrel
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West Germanic *baril
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Frankish *baril
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Latin *barillus
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Central Romance
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Italian barile barrel, cask
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Polish baryła
- Ukrainian барило barylo small barrel, rundlet
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Western Romance
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Old French baril
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Middle French
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Middle English barel
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Old High German
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Germanic *barô *baranų carrier, bearer
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West Germanic *barō *baran servant, man
- Old English beorn man, warrior
- Old High German baro human, man, freeman
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Frankish *barō
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Latin barō man, mercenary, servant, famous man, vassal, baron acc. barōnem
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Western Romance
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Old French baron baron, husband
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Middle French
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French baron baron, lord, landowner
- Arabic بارون bārōn baron
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Russian барон baron baron
- Armenian բարոն baron baron
- Armenian պարոն paron gentleman, sir
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German Baron baron
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Russian барон baron baron
- Armenian բարոն baron baron
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Middle Dutch baroen
- Dutch baron baron, magnate
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Middle English baroun baron
- Italian barone baron
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Middle Irish barún
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Old Spanish baron baron
- Spanish barón baron, magnate
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Old Spanish varon
- Hungarian báró baron": "baron
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Hellenic *pʰérō
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Classical Greek φέρω phérō I bring, I bear, I carry
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Classical Greek μεταφέρω metaphérō I carry over, I transfer, I change, I use metaphorically
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Classical Greek μεταφορά metaphorá
- Greek μεταφορά metaforá
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Latin metaphora
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Classical Greek Φερενίκη Phereníkē personal name: Brings-Victory
- Greek Φερενίκη Fereníki
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Latin Veronīca late variant
- Greek φέρνω férno
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Classical Greek ἀναφέρω anaphérō to carry upwards, to carry back, to report, to restore
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Classical Greek ἀναφορά anaphorā reference to a standard
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Classical Greek περιφέρω periphérō I carry around, I carry about, I go around
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Classical Greek περιφερής peripherḗs circular, round
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Classical Greek περιφέρεια periphéreia periphery, outer bound, circumference, curvature
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Latin peripherīa circumference, periphery
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French périphérie perimeter, outskirts
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Ancient Macedonian *berō
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Ancient Macedonian Βερενίκη Bereníkē personal name: Brings-Victory
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Classical Greek Βερενίκη Bereníkē
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Latin Berenīcē
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Classical Greek βερονίκιον bereníkion substance from Bereníkē?
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Byzantine Greek βερονίκη beroníkē resin amber
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Medieval Latin vernix varnish, resin
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Old French vernis / verniz
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Middle French
- French vernis varnish, nail polish, veneer
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Middle English vernish
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Middle High German verniz / firnis
- Italian vernice paint, varnish, veneer, preview
- Spanish barniz varnish, gloss
- English vernix
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Hellenic *pʰorewos
- Classical Greek φορεύς phoreús bearer, carrier
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Hellenic *ampʰípʰorewos carried on both sides, two-handed, amphora
- Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀠𐀡𐀩𐀸 a-pi-po-re-we amphoras
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Classical Greek ἀμφορεύς amphora
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Latin amphora
- English amphora
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West Germanic *ambrī bucket, basket
- Old English amber bucket
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Frankish *embar
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Middle Dutch
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Dutch emmer bucket
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Afrikaans emmer bucket
- Malay ember bucket
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Old High German amber bucket
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Latin ampulla liturgical flask diminutive
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Western Romance
- Spanish ampolla blister, small bottle, ampoule
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Old French ampolle
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Middle French
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French ampoule light bulb, ampoule, blister
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West Germanic *ampullā
- Old English ampella flask, bottle, vial
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Frankish *ampulla
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Middle Dutch
- Dutch ampul ampule, liturgical flask
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Old High German ampla
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Middle High German
- German Ampel ceiling lamp, traffic light
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Indo-Iranian *bʰárati
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Indo-Aryan *bʰárati
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Sanskrit 𑀪𑀭𑀢𑀺 bhárati to bear, to carry, to support
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Magadhi
- Bengali ভরা bhora to fill, to stuff, to pack
- Sylheti ꠜꠞꠣ bóra
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Sauraseni 𑀪𑀭𑀇 bharaï to fill, to support
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Hindustani
- Hindi भरना bharnā to fill, to load, to pour, to stuff, to complete
- Urdu بَھرْنا bharnā to fill, to fulfil
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Western Sauraseni
- Gujarati ભરવું bharvũ to fill, to pour, to pay
- Romani pherel
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Iranian *bárati
- Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 baraiti bears, carries
- Pashto وړل wṛəl
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Western Iranian
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Northwestern Iranian
- Kurdish birin to take away
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Old Persian 𐎲𐎼𐎫𐎡𐎹 brtiy
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Middle Persian 𐭡𐭥𐭫𐭲𐭭 burtn
- Persian بردن bordan to bear, to carry, to take, to win
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Old Persian *bāra
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Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎲𐎠𐎼 asabāra horseman lit. "horse-borne"
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Middle Persian
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Persian سوار sovâr horseman, rider, cavalry
- Persian اسواران Asvaran mounted police blended word of اسب asb and سوار sovâr
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Hindustani
- Hindi सवार savār rider, horseman
- English sowar
- Arabic أَسْوَار ʾaswār Aswaran
- English Aswaran
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Middle Persian
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Persian بر bar carrying, carried, borne
- Persian انگشتر angoštar ring "finger-borne"
- Persian دلبر delbar beloved, sweetheart "heart-borne"
- Messapian beran let them bring attested as 3PS present conjunctive
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Tocharian
- Arshian pär-
- Kushean pär-
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰéronts bearing, carrying participle
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰérontih₂ bearing, pregnant feminine
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Tocharian
- Kushean preṃtsa pregnant, fertile, virile
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰérti bears, carries athematic imperfective
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Italic *βerzi
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Latin ferre to bear, to carry, to bring, to support suppletive with tul- and lāt-
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Latin dēferre
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Old French deferer
- French déférer to submit, to refer to, to remand
- English defer
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Latin differre to carry apart, to spread out, to scatter, to distract, to differ
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Old French differer
- French différer to differ, to defer (postpone)
- English differ
- English defer
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Latin differēns spreading, separating, differing, different
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Old French different
- French différent different
- English different
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Latin efferre
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Latin efferēns
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Latin ēlātus taken out, brought forth, transported, lifted up
- English elate
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Latin ēlātīvus
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Latin īnferre
- English infer
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Latin īnferēns
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Latin illātus brought in, inserted, interred, offered, introduced
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Latin prōferre
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Old French proferer
- French proférer
- English profer
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Latin prōlātus
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Latin praeferre
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Old French preferer
- French préférer
- Dutch prefereren to prefer
- English prefer
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Latin paeferēns
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Latin praelātus
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Latin referre
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Old French referer
- English refer
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Old French referé referred (to)
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Latin relātus
- English relate
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Latin relātīvus
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Latin trānsferre
- English transfer
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Latin translātus
- Italian traslàre
- Spanish traslado
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Old French translater to translate
- French translater to translate
- English translate
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Insular Romance
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Latin auferre to take away, to remove, to carry off
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Latin ablātus
- English ablate
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Latin ablātīvus
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Latin circumferre to carry around, to move in a circle, to publish, to circulate
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Latin circumferentia circumference, circle
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Latin cōnferre to bring together, to connect, to compare, to consult, to confer
- English cf.
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Old French conferer
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Middle French
- French conférer to confer
- English confer
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Latin cōnferēns
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Latin collātus
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Latin offerre to bring before, to show, to offer
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Western Romance
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Old French ofrir
- French offrir to offer, to provide
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Middle English offren
- Irish ofráil to offer, offering
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West Germanic *offrōn to offer, to sacrifice
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Latin oblātus
- English oblate
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Latin oblātīvus
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Latin sufferre to place under, to hold up, to support, to endure
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Central Romance
- Italian soffrire to suffer
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Eastern Romance
- Romanian suferi to suffer
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Western Romance
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Old French sofrir
- French souffrir
- English suffer
- Spanish sufrir
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Latin sublātus
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Latin fertilis productive, fertile
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Italic *-βeros -bearing, -carrying
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Latin -fer -bearing, -carrying, bringing
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Latin Lūcifer light bringer, morning star (Venus)
- English Lucifer
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English lucifer
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Latin cōnifer cone-bearing, coniferous
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰéryeti ye- imperfective
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Pre-Albanian *berja
- Albanian bie I bring, I deliver
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰroytos?
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Germanic *braidaz broad, wide, scattered?
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West Germanic *braid broad, wide
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Old English brād broad, wide
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Old English Brādlēah place name: Broad-Meadow
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Middle English brod / brood broad
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰr̥yéti
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Germanic *burjaną to lift up, to levy, to be fitting
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North Germanic
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Old Norse byrja to originate, to begin
- Danish burde ought
- Icelandic byrja to begin
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West Germanic *burjan
- Old English byrian to come up, to occur
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Frankish *burien
- Dutch beuren to life, to raise, to receive, to happen, to befall
- Old High German burien
- Germanic *gaburjaną to be due, to rise, to emerge, to occur, to happen
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰoréyeti frequentive/causative/iterative
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Hellenic *pʰoréyō
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Classical Greek φορέω phoréō bear repeatedly, bear constantly, to wear, suffer, extend, be carried away
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Classical Greek φόρησις phórēsis wearing, being borne
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Indo-Iranian *bʰāráyati
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Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit 𑀪𑀸𑀭𑀬𑀢𑀺 bhāráyati
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰéristHos the carrying one (contrastive), the stronger?
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Hellenic *pʰéristeros
- Classical Greek φέρτερος better, braver
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰéristHos carrying-est, strongest?
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Hellenic *pʰéristos
- Classical Greek φέριστος best, bravest
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Indo-Iranian *bʰárištʰas
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Iranian *bárištah
- Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬀 bairišta most helpful
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰṓr
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Hellenic *pʰṓr
- Classical Greek φώρ phṓr thief
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Italic *βōr
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Latin fur thief
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Latin furo thief variant, oblique stem fūrōn-
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Western Romance
- Old French fuiron ferret, weasel
- Spanish hurón ferret
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Latin *furittum little thief, petty thief, ferret
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Central Romance
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Western Romance
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Latin fūrtīvus stolen, hidden, furtive
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Central Romance
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French furtif
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰóros
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Germanic *barô *baranų carrier, bearer
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West Germanic *barō *baran servant, man
- Old English beorn man, warrior
- Old High German baro human, man, freeman
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Frankish *barō
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Latin barō man, mercenary, servant, famous man, vassal, baron acc. barōnem
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Western Romance
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Old French baron baron, husband
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Middle French
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French baron baron, lord, landowner
- Arabic بارون bārōn baron
-
Russian барон baron baron
- Armenian բարոն baron baron
- Armenian պարոն paron gentleman, sir
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German Baron baron
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Russian барон baron baron
- Armenian բարոն baron baron
-
Middle Dutch baroen
- Dutch baron baron, magnate
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Middle English baroun baron
- Italian barone baron
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Middle Irish barún
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Old Spanish baron baron
- Spanish barón baron, magnate
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Old Spanish varon
- Hungarian báró baron": "baron
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Hellenic *pʰóros
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Classical Greek -φόρος -phóros -bearing
- Classical Greek Ἑωσφόρος Heōsphóros Morning Star, Venus
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Classical Greek εὔφορος eúphoros well-bearing
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Classical Greek εὐφορία euphoría
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Koine Greek Χριστόφορος Khristóphoros personal name: Christ-Bearing
- Greek Χριστόφορος Christóforos Christopher
- Arabic كريستوفر krīstūfar Christopher
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Latin Christophorus Christopher
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Central Romance
- Italian Cristoforo Christopher
- Dutch Christoffel Christopher
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English Christopher
- English Chris
- English Kit
- English Topher
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Latin Chrīstophanus Christopher variant, perhaps influenced by Stephanus
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Western Romance
- Portuguese Cristóvão Christopher
- Spanish Cristóbal Christopher
- Russian Христофор Xrystofor Christopher
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Classical Greek φωσφόρος phōsphóros light-bearing, torch-bearing
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New Latin phōsphorus
- Translingual P
- English phosphorus
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Classical Greek Φωσφόρος Phōsphóros Lightbringer, Venus
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Latin Lūcifer light bringer, morning star (Venus)
- English Lucifer
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English lucifer
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Classical Greek δύσφορος dúsphoros
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Classical Greek δυσφορία dŭsphoría
- English -phore
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French -phore
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Indo-Iranian *bʰáras
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Indo-Aryan *bʰáras
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Sanskrit bháraḥ bearing, carrying, supporting, a carrying, a prize, a burden, abundance
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Sanskrit nirbharaḥ nirbharā nirbharam full of, deep, vehement, dependent
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Maharashtri 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭 ṇibbhara full
- Marathi निबर nibar old, tough
- Hindi निर्भर nirbhar dependent, reliant
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰorós
- Hellenic *pʰorós
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Indo-Iranian *bʰārás
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Indo-Iranian *sambʰārás storage, warehouse, provisions
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Indo-Aryan *sambʰārás
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Sanskrit 𑀲𑀫𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀭 sambhāra collection, preparation, wealth, completion, abundance
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Maharashtri 𑀲𑀁𑀪𑀸𑀭 saṃbhāra
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Marathi सांबार sāmbār sambar
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Tamil சாம்பார் cāmpār sambar
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Mongolian самбар sambar writing board, billboard
- Mongolian ангийн самбар angiin sambar blackboard lit. "class writing-board"
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Iranian *hambāráh
- Avestan 𐬵𐬅𐬨𐬠𐬀𐬭 hą̇mbar
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Western Iranian
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Northwestern Iranian
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Parthian *ambār granary
- Armenian ամբար ambar granary, barn
- Classical Syriac ܐܡܒܪܐ ambra granary
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Old Persian *hambārah
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Middle Persian 𐭤𐭬𐭡𐭠𐭫 hmbār
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Persian انبار anbâr store, warehouse, granary, depot
- Arabic عنبر ʿanbar storeroom, depot, hangar
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Middle Mongolian ᠠᠮᠪᠠᠷ ᠠ ambar-a
- Mongolian амбаар ambaar barn, granary, warehouse
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Hindustani
- Urdu انبار ambār pile, hoard, collection
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Ottoman Turkish انبار ambar storehouse, magazine, granary, hold (cargo space)
- Turkish ambar barn, granary, hold (cargo space)
- Greek αμπάρι ampári hold (cargo space)
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Hungarian hombár granary
- Serbo-Croatian (х)амбар (h)ambar barn, granary, silo
- Ukrainian амбар ambar barn, granary, warehouse
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Arabic الأنبار al-Anbār place name: Anbar
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Indo-Aryan *bʰārás
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Sanskrit bhāráḥ bearing, carrying, burdened
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Sanskrit 𑀪𑀭𑀢 bharatá
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Sanskrit 𑀪𑀸𑀭𑀢 bhā́rata
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Hindustani
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Hindi भारत bhārat India
- Urdu بھارَت bhārat India, Hindustan
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Iranian *bāráh
- Avestan 𐬠𐬁𐬭𐬀 bāra
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Western Iranian
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Northwestern Iranian
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Medean *barah bearer, bearing
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Medean *ganzabarah treasurer lit. "treasure-bearer"
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Old Persian *ganzabaraʰ
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Middle Persian
- Persian گنجور ganjur treasurer
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Old Armenian գանձաւոր ganjawor treasurer
- Armenian գանձավոր ganjavor treasurer
- Akkadian 𒃶𒍝𒁀𒊒 gan-za-ba-ru
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Aramaic 𐡂𐡍𐡆𐡁𐡓 gnzbr treasurer
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Hebrew גזבר gizbár treasurer
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Classical Greek
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Latin Gaspar
- Danish Jesper
- English Gaspar
- English Casper
- English Jasper
- French Gaspard
- Hungarian Gáspár
- Elamite 𒋡𒀭𒍝𒁀𒊏 ka₄-an-za-ba-ra
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰériyos?
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Old Armenian բերրի berri fruitful, fertile
- Armenian բերրի berri fruitful, fertile
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Germanic *barijǭ *barwijǭ bier, stretcher, barrow
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North Germanic
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Old Norse barar barrow, stretcher, bier
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Old West Norse
- Icelandic börur stretcher, bier
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Middle Irish
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West Germanic *barwijā
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Old English bearwe
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Frankish *beria
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Old French barot
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Old French baroueste
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Middle French
- French brouette barrow, wheelbarrow
- Italian baroccio cart, cartload
- Old High German bera
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Old Saxon *buri
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰériteros the bearing one (contrastive)
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Old Armenian բերիւր beriwr fruitful, fertile
- Armenian բերրի berri fruitful, fertile
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰēroh₁ bearer noun
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Germanic *bērō bearer, stretcher, bier
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North Germanic
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Old Norse bára bearer, stretcher, wave, undertow
- Danish båre stretcher, bier
- Icelandic bára wave
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Middle English
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West Germanic *bāru
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Old English bēr
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Frankish *bāra
- Dutch baar bier, stretcher, litter
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Old French biere bier, casket
- French bière bier, coffin
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Old High German bara
- German Bahre bier, litter, stretcher
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Italian bara bier, coffin, litter
- Italian barella stretcher
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰoréh *-bʰoréh a burden, a bearing action/abstract noun
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Pre-Albanian *barā
- Albanian barrë
- Old Armenian -ւոր / -աւոր -wor -awor
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Hellenic *pʰorā́
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Classical Greek φορά phorá
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New Latin -phora
- Translingual Ctenophora taxonomic phylum of comb jellies
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰoreh₂teh₂
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰérmn̥ a carrying, a thing which is carried
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Hellenic *pʰérmə
- Classical Greek φέρμα phérma what is borne, child, fruit
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHmen
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Balto-Slavic
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Slavic *bèrmę
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East Slavic беремѧ beremę
- Ukrainian беремя beremja burden, load, weight (archaic)
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South Slavic
- Old Church Slavonic брѣмѧ brěmę load, burden
- Serbo-Croatian бреме breme burden, load
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West Slavic
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Czech břímě
- Polish brzemię burden
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Slavic *bermenьnъ burdened, pregnant
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East Slavic
- Russian беременный beremennyj pregnant
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West Slavic
- Polish brzemienny burdened, pregnant, fraught
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Indo-Iranian *bʰárHmā
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Indo-Aryan *bʰárHmā
- Sanskrit 𑀪𑀭𑀻𑀫𑀦𑁆 bhárīman supporting, nourishing, nourishment, household, family
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰértrom thing for carrying with
- Germanic *berdrą
- Hellenic *pʰértron
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰérh₁trom thing for carrying with
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Hellenic *pʰéretron
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Classical Greek φέρετρον phéretron bier, litter, frame
- Greek φέρετρο féretro coffin, casket
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Latin feretrum funeral litter, bier
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Western Romance
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Old French fiertre portable reliquary
- Italian feretro coffin
- Classical Greek φαρέτρα pharétrā quiver
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Indo-Iranian *bʰárHtram
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Indo-Aryan *bʰárHtram
- Sanskrit 𑀪𑀭𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀭 bharítra arm
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰernéh₂
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Hellenic *pʰernā́
- Classical Greek φερνή phernḗ
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰorneh₂
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰerteh₂
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Celtic *bertā
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Gaulish *berta
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Latin *bertium
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Latin berciolum cradle
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Western Romance
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Old French berçuel
- French berceau cradle, crib, birthplace
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Old Irish bert burden, load, clothing, dead, action, game
- Irish beart bundle, parcel, clothing
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Proto-Indo-European *h₂ed-bʰerteh₂ carry toward ness, offering noun of state
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Celtic *adbertā sacrifice, offering
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Brythonic *aberθ sacrifice
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Celtic
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Old Irish idbart sacrifice, offering
- Irish íobairt sacrifice, offering, religious, pious
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰerno-
- Old Armenian բեռն beṙn
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Balto-Slavic *bernas
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Baltic
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East Baltic
- Lithuanian bernas lad, servant
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West Baltic
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰernyós carrying (adjective)
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰernyom thing that carries neuter substantive
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Hellenic *pʰérnyom
- Classical Greek φέρνιον phérnion fish-basket
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰornom carried thing
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Germanic *barną child
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East Germanic
- Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌽 barn child
- Crimean Gothic baar child
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North Germanic
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Old Norse barn child
- Danish barn child
- Icelandic barn child
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West Germanic *barn
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Old English bearn
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Middle English barn / bern
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Scots bairn child
- Yola barrn
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Frankish *barn
- Middle Dutch baren child, hero
- Old High German barn child
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Samic *pārnē child, boy, son
- Northern Sámi bárdni son, boy
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰrom? carried thing
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Proto-Indo-European *probʰrom? thing carried forward
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Italic *probrom
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Latin probrum disgrace, shame, insult
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Latin opprobrāre to reproach, to taunt
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰorideh₂
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰormos
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Germanic *barmaz lap, bosom
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East Germanic
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North Germanic
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Old Norse barmr
- Danish barm bosom
- Icelandic baðmur bosom
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West Germanic *barm
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Old English bearm bosom, lap, possession
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Old High German barm
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Hellenic *pʰormos
- Classical Greek φορμός phormós basket for carrying corn, sieve, mat
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰr̥is?
- Albanian bir son
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Germanic *buriz son
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East Germanic
- Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂 baur child, son
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North Germanic
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Old Norse burr son, poet, Thor
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West Germanic *burī
- Old English byre child, son, descendant, youth
- Germanic *buriz elevation, hill
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Germanic *buriz a favorable wind or from *bʰerH-?
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North Germanic
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Old Norse byrr a fair wind
- Danish bør wind, fair wind
- Icelandic byr tail wind, fair wind
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Finno-Samic *purješ sail
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Finnic *purjëh sail
- Finnish purje sail
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East Baltic
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Samic *porjës sail
- Northern Sámi borjjas sail
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West Germanic
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Old English byre strong wind, storm
- Middle English bir strong or favorable wind, attack, charge, fury
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰertis a bearing, an act of carrying
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Germanic *burþiz a bearing, pregnancy, birth from zero-grade
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Germanic *gaburþiz birth
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East Germanic
- Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌸𐍃 gabaurþs birth
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West Germanic *gaburthi
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West Germanic *gaburdidag birthday
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Old English ġebyrddæġ birthday
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Old High German giburtitag birthday
- German Geburtstag birthday
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Old English ġebyrd birth, parentage, nature
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Frankish *geburd
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Old High German giburt
- German Geburt birth
- Yiddish געבורט geburt
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North Germanic
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Old Norse burðr carriage, bearing, birth, newborn, offspring
- Danish byrd descent, birth, heritage
- Icelandic burður birth, burden, an act of carrying, strength
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West Germanic *burþi
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Old English byrþ birth, a bearing, burden
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Frankish *burt
- Old High German burt
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Indo-Iranian *bʰr̥tíš from zero-grade
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Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit 𑀪𑀾𑀢𑀺 a bearing, support, maintenance, wages
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Italic *βortis
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰértih₂
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Germanic *burþį̄ burden from zero-grade
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West Germanic *burþī burden
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Frankish *burthi
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Old High German burdi
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West Germanic *burþini burden
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Old English byrþen burden
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-h₁dyeh₂
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Balto-Slavic *berˀdjāˀ
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Italic *βorᶤda
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Latin forda a pregnant cow
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰor-uko-
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Pre-Albanian *báruka
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Messapic *baruka
- Classical Greek βάρυκα báruka genitals, pin
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰr̥tus
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰr̥tewnos
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-h₂nḱ- *bʰer-h₂neḱ- *bʰer-h₁nḱ- *bʰer-h₁neḱ-
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenḱ-
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰrn̥ḱeti
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Germanic *bringaną
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East Germanic
- Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌽 briggan to bring, to lead, to make, to render
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West Germanic *bringan
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Old English bringan
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Frankish *bringan
- Dutch brengen to bring, to carry, to supply
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Old High German bringan
- German bringen to bring, to fetch, to guide, to get, to cause
- Yiddish ברענגען brengen to bring
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Celtic *brunketi
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Celtic *sembrunketi
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Brythonic *hembrüngɨd to accompany, to escort
- Welsh hebrwng to bring, to lead
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Tocharian
- Kushean pränk- to stay away, to keep away
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰrew- belly, abdomen, chest
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰrews-
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewstom
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Germanic *breustą breast, chest
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West Germanic *breust
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Old English brēost breast, chest, heart
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Proto-Indo-European *bʰrussth₂o
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Germanic *brusts breast, chest
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East Germanic
- Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍃 brusts breast, chest
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West Germanic *brust
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Frankish *brust
- Dutch borst chest, thorax, breast
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Old High German brust
- German Brust chest, breast
- Yiddish ברוסט brust breast
Visual
Collected English words
sowar,
Aswaran,
Ctenophora,
Lucifer,
lucifer,
Bradley,
bear,
barrel,
baron,
anaphora,
metaphor,
periphery,
Veronica,
Berenice,
varnish,
vernix,
amphora,
ampoule,
ablate,
ablative,
circumference,
cf.,
confer,
conference,
collate,
defer,
differ,
defer,
different,
efferent,
elate,
elative,
infer,
inference,
illative,
offer,
oblate,
oblative,
prefer,
preference,
prelate,
profer,
prolate,
refer,
referee,
relate,
relative,
suffer,
sublative,
transfer,
translate,
fertile,
conifer,
broad,
phoresis,
electrophoresis,
ferret,
furtive,
Christopher,
Chris,
Kit,
Topher,
euphoria,
dysphoria,
-phore,
semaphore,
Bharat,
Gaspar,
Casper,
Jasper,
sambar,
Anbar,
barrow,
wheelbarrow,
bore,
tidal bore,
bier,
bairn,
opprobrium,
barm,
barmcloth,
birth,
birthday,
burden,
fortune,
afferent,
allative,
bring,
breast,
P,
phosphorus,
barley,
barn,
halberd,
beard,
Lombard,
Lombardy,
border,
barb,
barber,
Barbados