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barrel, metaphor, Veronica, amphora, offer, Lucifer, ferret, wheelbarrow, tidal bore, birthday

Full Text

• Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- to bear, to carry

  • Proto-Indo-European *h₂ed-bʰer-

    • Proto-Indo-European *h₂ed-bʰerteh₂ carry toward ness, offering noun of state

      • Celtic *adbertā sacrifice, offering

        • Brythonic *aberθ sacrifice

          • Welsh aberth sacrifice
        • Celtic

          • Old Irish idbart sacrifice, offering

            • Irish íobairt sacrifice, offering, religious, pious
    • Proto-Indo-European *h₂ed-bʰereti

      • Germanic *atberaną to bring to, to bring forward

        • East Germanic

          • Gothic 𐌰𐍄𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 atbairan to bring to, to offer, to present
        • North Germanic

          • Old Norse *atbera

            • Old Swedish atbæra
        • West Germanic *atberan

          • Old English ætberan to bring, to carry, to bear away
      • Italic

        • Latin adferre

          • Latin affere to bring forth, to report, to offer, to deliver, to produce

            • Latin afferēns

              • English afferent
            • Latin allātus

              • Latin allātīvus

                • English allative
      • Phrygian αββερετ abberet brings, carries
    • Proto-Indo-European *h₂ed-bʰertōr

      • Italic *adβertōr offerer, conductor, one who bears toward

        • Umbrian 𐌀𐌛𐌚𐌄𐌓𐌕𐌖𐌓 arfertur lead priest, flamen
  • Proto-Indo-European *bʰéreti bears, carries thematic imperfective

    • Old Armenian բերեմ berem to carry, to bring, to bear, to produce

      • Armenian բերել berel to bring, to fetch
    • Balto-Slavic

      • East Baltic

        • Lithuanian berti to strew, to scatter
    • Slavic *bьrati to pick up, to take

      • East Slavic бьрати bĭrati

        • Russian брать bratʹ to take
        • Ukrainian брати braty to take, to grab
      • South Slavic

        • Bulgarian бера bera to pick, to gather
        • Serbo-Croatian брати brati to pick up, to pick
      • West Slavic

        • Czech brát to take, to marry
        • Polish brać to take
    • Celtic *bereti to carry, to bear, to flow

      • Celtic *kombereti to use

        • Brythonic *kummėrɨd to seize, to take possession, to take away

          • Welsh cymryd to take, to accept
      • Celtic *ɸarebereti to use

        • Brythonic *ėrβėrɨd to use, to employ, to take

          • Welsh arfer to use, to be used to, custom, habit
        • Old Irish ar·beir

          • Old Irish do·airbir

            • Irish toirbhir to hand over, to deliver, to offer, to dedicate
      • Brythonic *bėrɨd

        • Brythonic *diβėrɨd to trickle, to drip

          • Welsh diferu to drop, to drip
        • Brythonic *ėdβėrɨd to reclaim, to recover

          • Welsh adfer to reinstate, to restore, to recover
      • Old Irish beirid to carry, to bring, to bear, to give

        • Old Irish as·beir to disclose, to say, to speak

          • Irish abair to say, to mean, to refer, to suppose
        • Irish beir to bear, to win, to bring, to proceed
        • Old Irish imm·beir to carry around, to handle, to play

          • Irish imir to play, to cheat
        • Old Irish do·beir

          • Irish tabhair to give, to bring
    • Germanic *beraną to carry, to bear

      • Germanic *gaberaną to bear, to give birth, to beget, to bring forth

        • East Germanic

          • Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 gabairan to bear (children), to give birth, to beget, to compare
        • West Germanic *gaberan

          • Old English ġeberan to bear (children), to give birth, to bring forth, to support, to sustain

            • English bear
          • Old High German giberan

            • German gebären to give birth, to bear
        • Germanic *gaburþiz birth

          • East Germanic

            • Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌸𐍃 gabaurþs birth
          • West Germanic *gaburthi

            • West Germanic *gaburdidag birthday

              • Old English ġebyrddæġ birthday

                • English birthday
              • Old High German giburtitag birthday

                • German Geburtstag birthday
            • Old English ġebyrd birth, parentage, nature

              • English birth
            • Frankish *geburd

              • Dutch geboorte birth
            • Old High German giburt

              • German Geburt birth
              • Yiddish געבורט geburt
      • East Germanic

        • Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌰𐌽 bairan to bear, to carry, to bring forth
      • North Germanic

        • Old Norse bera to carry, to bear

          • Danish bære to carry, to bear
          • Icelandic bera to carry, to bear
      • West Germanic *beran

        • Old English beran to carry, to bear, to wear

          • English bear
          • Yola ber to bear, to carry
        • Frankish *beran

          • Middle Dutch beren
        • Old High German beran to bear
      • Germanic *bēriz bearable, viable, fruitful, of bearing

        • North Germanic

          • Old Norse bærr appropriate
        • West Germanic *-bāri

          • Old English -bǣre -bearing, -like, -ly
          • Frankish *-bāri

            • Dutch -baar -able
          • Old High German -bari

            • German -bar -able

              • German wunderbar
      • Germanic *berilaz tool for carrying, container, stretcher

        • East Germanic

          • Gothic *bērils
        • North Germanic

          • Old Norse berill vessel, barrel
        • West Germanic *baril

          • Frankish *baril

            • Latin *barillus

              • Central Romance

                • Italian barile barrel, cask

                  • Polish baryła

                    • Ukrainian барило barylo small barrel, rundlet
              • Western Romance

                • Old French baril

                  • French baril
                  • English barrel
          • Old High German

            • Middle High German barel
      • Germanic *barô carrier, bearer acc. *baranų

        • West Germanic *barō servant, man acc. *baran

          • Old English beorn man, warrior
          • Old High German baro human, man, freeman
          • Frankish *barō

            • Old French baron

              • French baron baron, lord, landowner

                • Arabic بارون bārōn baron
                • Russian барон baron baron

                  • Armenian բարոն baron baron
                • Armenian պարոն paron gentleman, sir
              • Dutch baron baron, magnate
              • English baron
              • German Baron baron

                • Russian барон baron baron

                  • Armenian բարոն baron baron
              • Italian barone baron
              • Irish barún baron
              • Old Spanish baron baron

                • Spanish barón baron, magnate
          • Latin barō man, mercenary, servant, famous man, vassal, baron acc. barōnem

            • Western Romance

              • Old French baron

                • French baron baron, lord, landowner

                  • Arabic بارون bārōn baron
                  • Russian барон baron baron

                    • Armenian բարոն baron baron
                  • Armenian պարոն paron gentleman, sir
                • Dutch baron baron, magnate
                • English baron
                • German Baron baron

                  • Russian барон baron baron

                    • Armenian բարոն baron baron
                • Italian barone baron
                • Irish barún baron
                • Old Spanish baron baron

                  • Spanish barón baron, magnate
              • Old Spanish varon

                • Spanish varón man
            • Hungarian báró baron
    • Hellenic *pʰérō

      • Classical Greek φέρω phérō I bring, I bear, I carry

        • Classical Greek μεταφέρω metaphérō I carry over, I transfer, I change, I use metaphorically

          • Classical Greek μεταφορά metaphorá

            • Greek μεταφορά metaforá
            • Latin metaphora

              • French métaphore

                • English metaphor
        • Greek φέρνω férno
        • Classical Greek ἀναφέρω anaphérō to carry upwards, to carry back, to report, to restore

          • Classical Greek ἀναφορά anaphorā reference to a standard

            • English anaphora
        • Classical Greek περιφέρω periphérō I carry around, I carry about, I go around

          • Classical Greek περιφερής peripherḗs circular, round

            • Classical Greek περιφέρεια periphéreia periphery, outer bound, circumference, curvature

              • Latin peripherīa circumference, periphery

                • French périphérie perimeter, outskirts

                  • English periphery
        • Classical Greek Φερενίκη Phereníkē personal name: Brings-Victory

          • Greek Φερενίκη Fereníki
          • Latin Veronīca late variant

            • English Veronica
      • Ancient Macedonian *berō

        • Ancient Macedonian Βερενίκη Bereníkē personal name: Brings-Victory

          • Classical Greek Βερενίκη Bereníkē

            • Latin Berenīcē

              • English Berenice
            • Classical Greek βερονίκιον bereníkion substance from Bereníkē?

              • Byzantine Greek βερονίκη beroníkē resin amber

                • Medieval Latin vernix varnish, resin

                  • Old French vernis

                    • French vernis varnish, nail polish, veneer
                    • English varnish
                    • German Firnis varnish
                  • Italian vernice paint, varnish, veneer, preview
                  • Spanish barniz varnish, gloss
                  • English vernix
      • Hellenic *pʰorewos

        • Classical Greek φορεύς phoreús bearer, carrier
        • Hellenic *ampʰípʰorewos carried on both sides, two-handed, amphora

          • Mycenaean Greek 𐀀𐀠𐀡𐀩𐀸 a-pi-po-re-we amphoras
          • Classical Greek ἀμφορεύς amphora

            • Latin amphora

              • English amphora
              • West Germanic *ambrī bucket, basket

                • Old English amber bucket
                • Frankish *embar

                  • Dutch emmer bucket

                    • Afrikaans emmer bucket

                      • Xhosa i-emele bucket
                    • Malay ember bucket
                • Old High German amber bucket

                  • German Eimer bucket
              • Latin ampulla liturgical flask diminutive

                • Western Romance

                  • Spanish ampolla blister, small bottle, ampoule
                • Old French ampolle

                  • French ampoule light bulb, ampoule, blister

                    • English ampoule
                • West Germanic *ampullā

                  • Old English ampella flask, bottle, vial
                  • Frankish *ampulla

                    • Dutch ampul ampule, liturgical flask
                  • Old High German ampla

                    • German Ampel ceiling lamp, traffic light
    • Indo-Iranian *bʰárati

      • Indo-Aryan *bʰárati

        • Sanskrit 𑀪𑀭𑀢𑀺 bhárati to bear, to carry, to support

          • Magadhi

            • Bengali ভরা bhora to fill, to stuff, to pack
            • Sylheti ꠜꠞꠣ bóra
          • Sauraseni 𑀪𑀭𑀇 bharaï to fill, to support

            • Hindustani

              • Hindi भरना bharnā to fill, to load, to pour, to stuff, to complete
              • Urdu بَھرْنا bharnā to fill, to fulfil
            • Western Sauraseni

              • Gujarati ભરવું bharvũ to fill, to pour, to pay
              • Romani pherel
      • Iranian *bárati

        • Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬭𐬀𐬌𐬙𐬌 baraiti bears, carries
        • Pashto وړل wṛəl
        • Western Iranian

          • Northwestern Iranian

            • Kurdish birin to take away
          • Old Persian 𐎲𐎼𐎫𐎡𐎹 brtiy

            • Middle Persian 𐭡𐭥𐭫𐭲𐭭 burtn

              • Persian بردن bordan to bear, to carry, to take, to win

                • Persian بر bar carrying, carried, borne

                  • Persian انگشتر angoštar ring "finger-borne"
                  • Persian دلبر delbar beloved, sweetheart "heart-borne"
    • Messapian beran let them bring attested as 3PS present conjunctive
    • Tocharian

      • Arshian pär-
      • Kushean pär-
    • Proto-Indo-European *h₂ed-bʰereti
    • Proto-Indo-European *bʰéronts bearing, carrying participle

      • Proto-Indo-European *bʰérontih₂ bearing, pregnant feminine

        • Tocharian

          • Kushean preṃtsa pregnant, fertile, virile
  • Proto-Indo-European *bʰérti bears, carries athematic imperfective

    • Italic *βerzi

      • Latin ferre to bear, to carry, to bring, to support suppletive with tul- and lāt-

        • Latin dēferre

          • Old French deferer

            • French déférer to submit, to refer to, to remand
            • English defer
        • Latin differre to carry apart, to spread out, to scatter, to distract, to differ

          • Old French differer

            • French différer to differ, to defer (postpone)
            • English differ
            • English defer
          • Latin differēns spreading, separating, differing, different

            • Old French different

              • French différent different
              • English different
        • Latin efferre

          • Latin efferēns

            • English efferent
          • Latin ēlātus taken out, brought forth, transported, lifted up

            • English elate
            • Latin ēlātīvus

              • English elative
        • Latin īnferre

          • English infer
          • Latin īnferēns

            • English inference
          • Latin illātus brought in, inserted, interred, offered, introduced

            • Latin illātīvus

              • English illative
        • Latin prōferre

          • Old French proferer

            • French proférer
            • English profer
          • Latin prōlātus

            • English prolate
        • Latin praeferre

          • Old French preferer

            • French préférer
            • Dutch prefereren to prefer
            • English prefer
          • Latin paeferēns

            • English preference
          • Latin praelātus

            • English prelate
        • Latin referre

          • Old French referer

            • English refer
            • Old French referé referred (to)

              • English referee
          • Latin relātus

            • English relate
            • Latin relātīvus

              • English relative
        • Latin trānsferre

          • English transfer
          • Latin translātus

            • Italian traslàre
            • Spanish traslado
            • Old French translater to translate

              • French translater to translate
              • English translate
        • Insular Romance

          • Sardinian ferrere
        • Latin auferre to take away, to remove, to carry off

          • Latin ablātus

            • English ablate
            • Latin ablātīvus

              • English ablative
        • Latin circumferre to carry around, to move in a circle, to publish, to circulate

          • Latin circumferentia circumference, circle

            • English circumference
        • Latin cōnferre to bring together, to connect, to compare, to consult, to confer

          • English cf.
          • Old French conferer

            • French conférer to confer
            • English confer
          • Latin cōnferēns

            • English conference
          • Latin collātus

            • English collate
        • Latin offerre to bring before, to show, to offer

          • Western Romance

            • Old French ofrir

              • French offrir to offer, to provide
              • Middle English offren

                • English offer
              • Irish ofráil to offer, offering
          • West Germanic *offrōn to offer, to sacrifice

            • Old English offrian

              • Middle English offren

                • English offer
          • Latin oblātus

            • English oblate
            • Latin oblātīvus

              • English oblative
        • Latin sufferre to place under, to hold up, to support, to endure

          • Central Romance

            • Italian soffrire to suffer
          • Eastern Romance

            • Romanian suferi to suffer
          • Western Romance

            • Old French sofrir

              • French souffrir
              • English suffer
            • Spanish sufrir
          • Latin sublātus

            • Latin sublātīvus

              • English sublative
        • Latin fertilis productive, fertile

          • English fertile
      • Italic *-βeros -bearing, -carrying

        • Latin -fer -bearing, -carrying, bringing

          • Latin Lūcifer light bringer, morning star (Venus)

            • English Lucifer
            • English lucifer

              • Dutch lucifer match
          • Latin cōnifer cone-bearing, coniferous

            • English conifer
  • Proto-Indo-European *bʰéryeti ye- imperfective

    • Pre-Albanian *berja

      • Albanian bie I bring, I deliver
  • Proto-Indo-European *bʰr̥yéti

    • Germanic *burjaną to lift up, to levy, to be fitting

      • North Germanic

        • Old Norse byrja to originate, to begin

          • Danish burde ought
          • Icelandic byrja to begin
      • West Germanic *burjan

        • Old English byrian to come up, to occur
        • Frankish *burien

          • Dutch beuren to life, to raise, to receive, to happen, to befall
        • Old High German burien
      • Germanic *gaburjaną to be due, to rise, to emerge, to occur, to happen
  • Proto-Indo-European *bʰoréyeti frequentive/causative/iterative

    • Hellenic *pʰoréyō

      • Classical Greek φορέω phoréō bear repeatedly, bear constantly, to wear, suffer, extend, be carried away

        • Classical Greek φόρησις phórēsis wearing, being borne

          • English phoresis

            • English electrophoresis
    • Indo-Iranian *bʰāráyati

      • Indo-Aryan

        • Sanskrit 𑀪𑀸𑀭𑀬𑀢𑀺 bhāráyati
  • Proto-Indo-European *bʰéristHos the carrying one (contrastive), the stronger?

    • Hellenic *pʰéristeros

      • Classical Greek φέρτερος better, braver
    • Hellenic *pʰéristos

      • Classical Greek φέριστος best, bravest
    • Indo-Iranian *bʰárištʰas

      • Iranian *bárištah

        • Avestan 𐬠𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬀 bairišta most helpful
  • Proto-Indo-European *bʰṓr

    • Hellenic *pʰṓr

      • Classical Greek φώρ phṓr thief
    • Italic *βōr

      • Latin fur thief

        • Latin furo thief variant, oblique stem fūrōn-

          • Western Romance

            • Old French fuiron ferret, weasel
            • Spanish hurón ferret
        • Latin *furittum little thief, petty thief, ferret

          • Central Romance

            • Italian furetto ferret
          • Western Romance

            • French furet weasel

              • English ferret
        • Latin fūrtīvus stolen, hidden, furtive

          • Central Romance

            • Italian furtivo
          • French furtif

            • English furtive
  • Proto-Indo-European *bʰóros

    • Germanic *barô
    • Hellenic *pʰóros

      • Classical Greek -φόρος -phóros -bearing

        • Classical Greek Ἑωσφόρος Heōsphóros Morning Star, Venus Attic variant héōs
        • Classical Greek φωσφόρος phōsphóros light-bearing, torch-bearing

          • New Latin phōsphorus

            • Translingual P
            • English phosphorus
          • Classical Greek Φωσφόρος Phōsphóros Lightbringer, Venus

            • Latin Lūcifer light bringer, morning star (Venus)

              • English Lucifer
              • English lucifer

                • Dutch lucifer match
        • Classical Greek εὔφορος eúphoros well-bearing

          • Classical Greek εὐφορία euphoría

            • English euphoria
        • Classical Greek δύσφορος dúsphoros

          • Classical Greek δυσφορία dŭsphoría

            • English dysphoria
        • English -phore
        • French -phore

          • French sémaphore

            • English semaphore
    • Indo-Iranian *bʰáras

      • Indo-Aryan *bʰáras

        • Sanskrit 𑀪𑀭 bhara bearing, carrying, supporting, a carrying, a prize, a burden, abundance

          • Sanskrit 𑀦𑀺𑀭𑁆𑀪𑀭 nirbhara full of, deep, vehement, dependent

            • Maharashtri 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭 ṇibbhara full

              • Marathi निबर nibar old, tough
            • Hindi निर्भर dependent, reliant
  • Proto-Indo-European *bʰorós

    • Hellenic *pʰorós
    • Indo-Iranian *bʰārás

      • Indo-Iranian *sambʰārás storage, warehouse, provisions

        • Indo-Aryan *sambʰārás

          • Sanskrit 𑀲𑀫𑁆𑀪𑀸𑀭 sambhāra collection, preparation, wealth, completion, abundance

            • Maharashtri 𑀲𑀁𑀪𑀸𑀭 saṃbhāra

              • Marathi सांबार sāmbār sambar

                • Tamil சாம்பார் cāmpār sambar

                  • English sambar
            • Mongolian самбар sambar writing board, billboard

              • Mongolian ангийн самбар angiin sambar blackboard lit. "class writing-board"
        • Iranian *hambāráh

          • Avestan 𐬵𐬅𐬨𐬠𐬀𐬭 hą̇mbar
          • Western Iranian

            • Northwestern Iranian

              • Parthian *ambār granary

                • Armenian ամբար ambar granary, barn
                • Classical Syriac ܐܡܒܪܐ ambra granary
            • Old Persian *hambārah

              • Middle Persian 𐭤𐭬𐭡𐭠𐭫 hmbār

                • Persian انبار anbâr store, warehouse, granary, depot

                  • Arabic عنبر ʿanbar storeroom, depot, hangar
                  • Middle Mongolian ᠠᠮᠪᠠᠷ ᠠ ambar-a

                    • Mongolian амбаар ambaar barn, granary, warehouse
                  • Hindustani

                    • Urdu انبار ambār pile, hoard, collection
                  • Ottoman Turkish انبار ambar storehouse, magazine, granary, hold (cargo space)

                    • Turkish ambar barn, granary, hold (cargo space)
                    • Greek αμπάρι ampári hold (cargo space)
                    • Hungarian hombár granary

                      • Romanian hambar barn
                    • Serbo-Croatian (х)амбар (h)ambar barn, granary, silo
                    • Ukrainian амбар ambar barn, granary, warehouse
                • Arabic الأنبار al-Anbār place name: Anbar

                  • English Anbar
      • Indo-Aryan *bʰārás

        • Sanskrit 𑀪𑀸𑀭 bhārá bearing, carrying, burdened

          • Sanskrit 𑀪𑀭𑀢 bharatá

            • Sanskrit 𑀪𑀸𑀭𑀢 bhā́rata

              • Hindustani

                • Hindi भारत bhārat India

                  • English Bharat
                • Urdu بھارَت bhārat India, Hindustan
      • Iranian *bāráh

        • Avestan 𐬠𐬁𐬭𐬀 bāra
        • Western Iranian

          • Northwestern Iranian

            • Medean *barah bearer, bearing

              • Medean *ganzabarah treasurer lit. "treasure-bearer"

                • Old Persian *ganzabaraʰ

                  • Middle Persian

                    • Persian گنجور ganjur treasurer
                    • Old Armenian գանձաւոր ganjawor treasurer

                      • Armenian գանձավոր ganjavor treasurer
                  • Akkadian 𒃶𒍝𒁀𒊒 gan-za-ba-ru
                  • Aramaic 𐡂𐡍𐡆𐡁𐡓 gnzbr treasurer

                    • Hebrew גזבר gizbár treasurer

                      • Classical Greek

                        • Latin Gaspar

                          • Danish Jesper
                          • English Gaspar
                          • English Casper
                          • English Jasper
                          • French Gaspard
                          • Hungarian Gáspár
                  • Elamite 𒋡𒀭𒍝𒁀𒊏 ka₄-an-za-ba-ra
  • Proto-Indo-European *bʰériyos?

    • Old Armenian բերրի berri fruitful, fertile

      • Armenian բերրի berri fruitful, fertile
    • Germanic *bar(w)ijǭ bier, stretcher, barrow

      • North Germanic

        • Old Norse barar barrow, stretcher, bier

          • Icelandic börur stretcher, bier
          • Irish bara barrow, cart
      • West Germanic *barwijā

        • Old English bearwe

          • English barrow

            • English wheelbarrow

              • Zulu ibhala wheelbarrow
        • Frankish *beria

          • Old French barot

            • Old French baroueste

              • French brouette barrow, wheelbarrow
              • Italian baroccio cart, cartload
        • Old High German bera
        • Old Saxon *buri

          • Danish bør wheelbarrow
  • Proto-Indo-European *bʰériteros the bearing one (contrastive)

    • Old Armenian բերիւր beriwr fruitful, fertile

      • Armenian բերրի berri fruitful, fertile
  • Proto-Indo-European *bʰēroh₁ bearer noun

    • Germanic *bērō bearer, stretcher, bier

      • North Germanic

        • Old Norse bára bearer, stretcher, wave, undertow

          • Danish båre stretcher, bier
          • Icelandic bára wave
          • Middle English

            • English bore

              • English tidal bore
      • West Germanic *bāru

        • Old English bēr

          • English bier
        • Frankish *bāra

          • Dutch baar bier, stretcher, litter
          • Old French biere bier, casket

            • French bière bier, coffin
        • Old High German bara

          • German Bahre bier, litter, stretcher
          • Italian bara bier, coffin, litter

            • Italian barella stretcher
  • Proto-Indo-European *bʰoréh a burden, a bearing action/abstract noun

    • Pre-Albanian *barā

      • Albanian barrë
    • Proto-Indo-European *bʰoreh₂teh₂

      • Albanian mbratë pregnant
    • Hellenic *pʰorā́
    • Proto-Indo-European *-bʰoréh

      • Old Armenian -աւոր -(a)wor
  • Proto-Indo-European *bʰérmn̥ a carrying, a thing which is carried

    • Hellenic *pʰérmə

      • Classical Greek φέρμα phérma what is borne, child, fruit
  • Proto-Indo-European *bʰerHmen

    • Balto-Slavic

      • Slavic *bèrmę

        • East Slavic беремѧ beremę

          • Ukrainian беремя beremja burden, load, weight (archaic)
        • South Slavic

          • Old Church Slavonic брѣмѧ brěmę load, burden
          • Serbo-Croatian бреме breme burden, load
        • West Slavic

          • Czech břímě

            • Czech břemeno burden
          • Polish brzemię burden
        • Slavic *bermenьnъ burdened, pregnant

          • East Slavic

            • Russian беременный beremennyj pregnant
          • West Slavic

            • Polish brzemienny burdened, pregnant, fraught
    • Indo-Iranian *bʰárHmā

      • Indo-Aryan *bʰárHmā

        • Sanskrit 𑀪𑀭𑀻𑀫𑀦𑁆 bhárīman supporting, nourishing, nourishment, household, family
  • Proto-Indo-European *bʰértrom thing for carrying with

    • Germanic *berdrą
    • Hellenic *pʰértron
  • Proto-Indo-European *bʰérh₁trom thing for carrying with

    • Hellenic *pʰéretron

      • Classical Greek φέρετρον phéretron bier, litter, frame

        • Greek φέρετρο féretro coffin, casket
        • Latin feretrum funeral litter, bier

          • Western Romance

            • Old French fiertre portable reliquary

              • Old Irish fert grave
          • Italian feretro coffin
        • Classical Greek φαρέτρα pharétrā quiver
    • Indo-Iranian *bʰárHtram

      • Indo-Aryan *bʰárHtram

        • Sanskrit 𑀪𑀭𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀭 bharítra arm
  • Proto-Indo-European *bʰernéh₂

    • Hellenic *pʰernā́

      • Classical Greek φερνή phernḗ
  • Proto-Indo-European *bʰorneh₂

    • Pre-Albanian *barnā

      • Albanian barrë
  • Proto-Indo-European *bʰerteh₂

    • Celtic *bertā

      • Gaulish *berta

        • Latin *bertium

          • Latin berciolum cradle

            • Western Romance

              • Old French berçuel

                • French berceau cradle, crib, birthplace
      • Old Irish bert burden, load, clothing, dead, action, game

        • Irish beart bundle, parcel, clothing
    • Proto-Indo-European *h₂ed-bʰerteh₂ carry toward ness, offering noun of state

      • Celtic *adbertā sacrifice, offering

        • Brythonic *aberθ sacrifice

          • Welsh aberth sacrifice
        • Celtic

          • Old Irish idbart sacrifice, offering

            • Irish íobairt sacrifice, offering, religious, pious
  • Proto-Indo-European *bʰerno-

    • Old Armenian բեռն beṙn
    • Balto-Slavic *bernas

      • Baltic

        • East Baltic

          • Lithuanian bernas lad, servant
        • West Baltic

          • Sudovian barnaj children
  • Proto-Indo-European *bʰernyós carrying (adjective)

    • Proto-Indo-European *bʰernyom thing that carries neuter substantive

      • Hellenic *pʰérnyom

        • Classical Greek φέρνιον phérnion fish-basket
  • Proto-Indo-European *bʰornom carried thing

    • Germanic *barną child

      • East Germanic

        • Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌽 barn child
        • Crimean Gothic baar child
      • North Germanic

        • Old Norse barn child

          • Danish barn child
          • Icelandic barn child
      • West Germanic *barn

        • Old English bearn

          • Scots bairn child

            • English bairn
          • Yola barrn
        • Frankish *barn

          • Middle Dutch baren child, hero
        • Old High German barn child
      • Samic *pārnē child, boy, son

        • Northern Sami bárdni son, boy
  • Proto-Indo-European *bʰrom? carried thing

    • Proto-Indo-European *probʰrom? thing carried forward

      • Italic *probrom

        • Latin probrum disgrace, shame, insult

          • Latin opprobrāre to reproach, to taunt

            • Latin opprobrium

              • English opprobrium
  • Proto-Indo-European *bʰorideh₂

    • Italic *βorᶤdā
  • Proto-Indo-European *bʰormos

    • Germanic *barmaz lap, bosom

      • East Germanic

        • Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌼𐍃 barms bosom
      • North Germanic

        • Old Norse barmr

          • Danish barm bosom
          • Icelandic baðmur bosom
      • West Germanic *barm

        • Old English bearm bosom, lap, possession

          • English barm bosom, lap

            • English barmcloth
        • Old High German barm

          • German Barm
    • Hellenic *pʰormos

      • Classical Greek φορμός phormós basket for carrying corn, sieve, mat
  • Proto-Indo-European *bʰr̥is?

    • Albanian bir son
    • Germanic *buriz son

      • East Germanic

        • Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂 baur child, son
      • North Germanic

        • Old Norse burr son, poet, Thor

          • Icelandic bur son
      • West Germanic *burī

        • Old English byre child, son, descendant, youth
    • Germanic *buriz elevation, hill
    • Germanic *buriz a favorable wind or from *bʰerH-?

      • North Germanic

        • Old Norse byrr a fair wind

          • Danish bør wind, fair wind
          • Icelandic byr tail wind, fair wind
        • Finno-Samic *purješ sail

          • Finnic *purjëh sail

            • Finnish purje sail
            • East Baltic

              • Lithuanian bùrė sail
          • Samic *porjës sail

            • Northern Sami borjjas sail
      • West Germanic

        • Old English byre strong wind, storm

          • Middle English bir strong or favorable wind, attack, charge, fury
  • Proto-Indo-European *bʰertis a bearing, an act of carrying

    • Germanic *burþiz a bearing, pregnancy, birth from zero-grade

      • Germanic *gaburþiz birth

        • East Germanic

          • Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌸𐍃 gabaurþs birth
        • West Germanic *gaburthi

          • West Germanic *gaburdidag birthday

            • Old English ġebyrddæġ birthday

              • English birthday
            • Old High German giburtitag birthday

              • German Geburtstag birthday
          • Old English ġebyrd birth, parentage, nature

            • English birth
          • Frankish *geburd

            • Dutch geboorte birth
          • Old High German giburt

            • German Geburt birth
            • Yiddish געבורט geburt
      • North Germanic

        • Old Norse burðr carriage, bearing, birth, newborn, offspring

          • Danish byrd descent, birth, heritage
          • Icelandic burður birth, burden, an act of carrying, strength
      • West Germanic *burþi

        • Old English byrþ birth, a bearing, burden

          • English birth
        • Frankish *burt

          • Middle Dutch boort
        • Old High German burt
    • Indo-Iranian *bʰr̥tíš from zero-grade

      • Indo-Aryan

        • Sanskrit 𑀪𑀾𑀢𑀺 a bearing, support, maintenance, wages
    • Italic *βortis

      • Latin fors luck, chance
    • Proto-Indo-European *bʰértih₂

      • Germanic *burþį̄ burden from zero-grade

        • West Germanic *burþī burden

          • Frankish *burthi

            • Dutch borde
          • Old High German burdi

            • German Bürde burden
          • West Germanic *burþini burden

            • Old English byrþen burden

              • English burden
  • Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-h₁dyeh₂

    • Balto-Slavic *berˀdjāˀ

      • Slavic *berďa pregnant
    • Italic *βorᶤda

      • Latin forda a pregnant cow

        • Latin Fordicīdia
  • Proto-Indo-European *bʰor-uko-

    • Pre-Albanian *báruka

      • Albanian bark belly
    • Messapic *baruka

      • Classical Greek βάρυκα báruka genitals, pin
  • Proto-Indo-European *bʰr̥tus

    • Proto-Indo-European *bʰr̥tewnos

      • Italic *βortūnus

        • Italic *βortūnā

          • Latin fortūna

            • Old French fortune

              • English fortune
  • Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-h₂n(e)ḱ- or <*bʰer-h₁n(e

    • Proto-Indo-European *bʰrenḱ-

      • Proto-Indo-European *bʰrn̥ḱeti

        • Germanic *bringaną

          • East Germanic

            • Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐌹𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌽 briggan to bring, to lead, to make, to render
          • West Germanic *bringan

            • Old English bringan

              • English bring
            • Frankish *bringan

              • Dutch brengen to bring, to carry, to supply
            • Old High German bringan

              • German bringen to bring, to fetch, to guide, to get, to cause
              • Yiddish ברענגען brengen to bring
        • Celtic *brunketi

          • Celtic *sembrunketi

            • Brythonic *hembrüngɨd to accompany, to escort

              • Welsh hebrwng to bring, to lead
        • Tocharian

          • Kushean pränk- to stay away, to keep away
  • Proto-Indo-European *bʰrew- belly, abdomen, chest

    • Proto-Indo-European *bʰrews-

      • Proto-Indo-European *bʰrewstom

        • Germanic *breustą breast, chest

          • West Germanic *breust

            • Old English brēost breast, chest, heart

              • English breast
      • Proto-Indo-European *bʰrussth₂o

        • Germanic *brusts breast, chest

          • East Germanic

            • Gothic 𐌱𐍂𐌿𐍃𐍄𐍃 brusts breast, chest
          • West Germanic *brust

            • Frankish *brust

              • Dutch borst chest, thorax, breast
            • Old High German brust

              • German Brust chest, breast
              • Yiddish ברוסט brust breast

Visual

Collected English words

Lucifer, lucifer, bear, barrel, baron, anaphora, metaphor, periphery, Veronica, Berenice, varnish, vernix, amphora, ampoule, ablate, ablative, circumference, cf., confer, conference, collate, defer, differ, defer, different, efferent, elate, elative, infer, inference, illative, offer, oblate, oblative, prefer, preference, prelate, profer, prolate, refer, referee, relate, relative, suffer, sublative, transfer, translate, fertile, conifer, phoresis, electrophoresis, ferret, furtive, euphoria, dysphoria, -phore, semaphore, Bharat, Gaspar, Casper, Jasper, sambar, Anbar, barrow, wheelbarrow, bore, tidal bore, bier, bairn, opprobrium, barm, barmcloth, birth, birthday, burden, fortune, afferent, allative, bring, breast, P, phosphorus