July theme: Architecture 🏛️
Teaser
column,
excel,
hill,
Celsius,
Stockholm,
Sherlock Holmes
Full Text
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Proto-Indo-European *kelH- to rise, to be tall
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Proto-Indo-European *kl̥néHti ne- imperfective
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Italic *kelnezi
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Italic *eɣskelnezi
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Latin excellere to elevate, to raise up, to rise, to exult, to excel
- Italian eccellere to excel
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French exceller to excel
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Latin excellēns rising, exulting, excelling, distinguished, excellent
- Italian eccellente
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French excellent
- Spanish excelente
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Latin excelsus elevated, lofty, excelling
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Latin excelsior more elevated, more excellent
- South Picene 𐌄𐌟𐌄𐌋𐌔𐌉𐌕 exelsit they raise, they erect
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Italic *antikelnezi *anti-kelnezi to rise in front of
- Latin antecellere to surpass, to excel, to outdo
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Italic *praikelnezi to rise before
- Latin praecellere to surpass, to excel, to outdo
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Proto-Indo-European *kólHnos
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Balto-Slavic
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East Baltic
- Lithuanian kálnas hill, mountain, heap
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Proto-Indo-European *kʷolh₁sos *kolHsos neck
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Balto-Slavic *kaklas neck
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Baltic
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East Baltic
- Latvian kakls neck, throat
- Lithuanian kaklas neck, collar
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Finnic *kakla
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Germanic *halsaz neck
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Germanic *frijahalsaz free, not imprisoned, freedom, liberty lit. "free-neck"
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East Germanic
- Gothic 𐍆𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌷𐌰𐌻𐍃 freihals freedom, liberty
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North Germanic
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Old Norse frjáls
- Icelandic frjáls free
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Old Norse frelsa to free, to rescue
- Danish frelse to save, to rescue, to redeem
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West Germanic
- Old English frēols freedom, immunity, privilege, peace, festival
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East Germanic
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North Germanic
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Old Norse hals neck
- Danish hals neck, throat
- Icelandic háls neck, throat, a person (metonymically)
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West Germanic
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Old English heals neck, prow of a ship
- English halse
- English hause
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English hawse
- English hawser partly, but mostly from Norman haucier: "to raise, to lift" from altus
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Scots hause
- Scots hausebane collar bone
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Frankish *hals
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Old High German hals
- German Hals neck, throat
- Yiddish האַלדז haldz neck
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Germanic *halsōną to neck, to embrace
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North Germanic
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West Germanic
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Old English *healsian
- Middle English halsen to embrace
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Italic *kʷolsos
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Latin collus / collum neck
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Central Romance
- Italian collo neck, collar, package
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Insular Romance
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Western Romance
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Old French col
- French cou neck
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French col collar, neck (of a vase, etc.)
- Spanish cuello neck, collar
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Latin collāris of the neck, collared
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Old French coler
- French colier
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English collar
- Irish coiléar collar, truss
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Proto-Indo-European *kolHmn̥
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Italic *kolamen
- Latin columen stalk, top, roof, summit, acme
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Latin culmen stalk, top, roof, summit, acme
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Medieval Latin culmino
- Italian culminare to culminate (in)
- Spanish culminar to culminate, to reach the highest point
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Medieval Latin culminatus past participle
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Proto-Indo-European *kélHmneh₂
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Italic *kolamnā
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Latin columna column, pillar
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Eastern Romance
- Romanian corună supporting beam, crownpiece of a bridle
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Central Romance
- Italian colonna column, pillar, traffic jam
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Western Romance
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Old French columne
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French colonne column, pillar
- Russian колонна kolonna column, pillar
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French colonnade colonnade collective
- English column
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Old French colombe
- French colombe joist, upright
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Proto-Indo-European *kl̥Hmnos?
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Germanic *hulmaz hill, mound, small island
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Germanic *Burgundahulmaz High Island
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North Germanic
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Old Norse Burgundaholmr Bornholm
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Old East Norse
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Danish Bornholm
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Danish Holm habitational surname: Island(er)
- Danish Holm Ø Holm Island (Islander Island)
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Germanic *bergundijô a Burgundian
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Latin Burgundiones
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Latin Burgundia
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Western Romance
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English Burgundy
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English Burgundy wine / burgundy
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North Germanic
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Old Norse holmr
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Old East Norse
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Danish holm small island
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Danish Holm habitational surname: Island(er)
- Danish Holm Ø Holm Island (Islander Island)
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Swedish holme
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Swedish Stockholm place name: Log Island
- English Stockholm
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New Latin Holmia Stockholm
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New Latin holmium
- Translingual Ho
- English holmium
- Swedish Ekholm ornamental surname: Oak-Island
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Old West Norse
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Icelandic hólmur small island, duelling ground
- Icelandic Stykkishólmur place name: Chunk Island
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Middle English holme
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English holm
- English Holme Fen
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English Holmes
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West Germanic
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Old English holm
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Middle English holme
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English holm
- English Holme Fen
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English Holmes
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Frankish
- Dutch holm small island
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Old French
- French Le Houlme
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Norman hou small island (place name element)
- Norman Lihou
- Norman Tatihou
- Norman Les Écréhous Écré- is equivalent to skerry
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Old Saxon
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Slavic *xъ̃lmъ hill from an undetermined Germanic language
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East Slavic хълмъ xŭlmŭ
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South Slavic
- Bulgarian хълм hǎlm hill
- Old Church Slavonic хлъмъ xlŭmŭ (small) hill
- Serbo-Croatian хум hum small hill, barrow
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West Slavic
- Czech chlum hill
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Old Polish chelm hill
- Polish Chełm
- Polish Chełmno
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Proto-Indo-European *kolHweh
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Proto-Indo-European *kelHntos
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Italic
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Latin celsus lofty, high, tall, elevated, proud, noble
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Medieval Latin Celsius surname as a translation of Swedish estate name Högen
- French Celsius named after Anders Celsius by the Comité international des poids et mesures in 1948
- Translingual °C
- English Celsius
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Proto-Indo-European *kl̥Hnís hill, height
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Germanic *hulliz hill
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West Germanic *hulli
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Old English hyll hill
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Frankish hul hill
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Italic *kolnis
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Latin collis hill
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Central Romance
- Italian colle hill, pass through hills
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Insular Romance
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Western Romance
- Spanish collado hill, mountain pass
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Proto-Indo-European *kolHōneh₂
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Hellenic
- Classical Greek Κολώνη Kolṓnē place name: Hills? a few hillside village
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Proto-Indo-European *kolHbʰon
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Hellenic
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Classical Greek κολοφών kolophṓn summit, top, finishing
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Latin colophon final notice on a manuscript or book, finishing touch
Visual
Collected English words
excel,
excellent,
excelsior,
culminate,
colonnade,
column,
Stockholm,
Ho,
holmium,
holm,
Holm Island,
Holme Fen,
Holmes,
Sherlock Holmes,
°C,
Celsius,
hill,
colophon,
halse,
hause,
hawse,
hawser,
col,
collar,
Bourgogne,
Burgundy,
Burgundy wine,
burgundy