Introduction
In which yes- and -day in yesterday are the same root.
PIE *dʰǵʰes-tero-dʰoǵʰes
Germ. *(d)ges-tera-dagaz
OE ġes-ter-dæġ
English yes-ter-day
"The day that’s the other day"
Germanic *dagaz is often explained as being from *dʰegʷʰ- : "to burn", but the loss of labialization would be irregular, and the semantic connection is questionable. But if you assume that *dʰǵʰes- : "yesterday" (widely attested) is the zero-grade of a mostly unattested *dʰeǵʰ-es- , then there would be an expected o-grade *dʰogʰ-es , which is a perfect fit for Germanic *dagaz . (I'm working from the van den Oever/Kloekhorst/Klimp theory of *dagaz .)
Teaser
day ,
daisy ,
yesterday ,
Camelops hesternus
Full Text
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeǵʰ- day?, repeat?
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeǵʰnos daily?, repeating?
Balto-Slavic
East Baltic
Lithuanian dãžnas frequent
West Baltic
Old Prussian *desnai
Old Prussian kudesnammi periodically, every so often
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeǵʰ-es
Proto-Indo-European *dʰoǵʰ-es
Germanic *dagaz day, the rune ᛞ
East Germanic
Gothic 𐌳𐌰𐌲𐍃 dags day, the letter 𐌳
Crimean Gothic tag day
Gothic *Dagisþius Day-People? (personal name)
Greek Δαγισθαῖος Dagisthaîos
North Germanic
Old Norse dagr
Danish dag
Icelandic dagur
West Germanic
Old English dæġ day, the rune ᛞ
English day
Old English dæġes ēage daisy lit. "day's eye"
Frankish
Old High German tag
German Tag
Yiddish טאָג tog day
English dagaz the rune ᛞ
Germanic *gesteradagaz yesterday see below
Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰes- petrified genitive singular?
Proto-Indo-European *dʰeǵʰesr̥ r/n stem noun
Indo-Iranian *áȷ́ʰr̥ loss of *dʰ- by influence from a zero-grade form?
Indo-Aryan
Sanskrit 𑀅𑀳𑀭𑁆 áhar day
Sanskrit 𑀲𑀧𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀳 saptāhá seven-day, week
Pali 𑀲𑀢𑁆𑀢𑀸𑀳 sattāha seven-day, week
Khmer សត្តាហៈ sattaahaʼ week
Sauraseni
Hindi सप्ताह saptāh week
Tamil ஸப்தாஹம் saptāham week
Thai สัปดาห์ sàp-daa week
Iranian
Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰéni locative
Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰési locative
Albanian dje yesterday
Celtic *gdesi
Brythonic
Celtic *sindos gdesi this yesterday
Hellenic *kʰtʰés
Ancient Greek χθές khthés yesterday
Greek χθες chthes yesterday, the past
Italic *hezī
Latin heri yesterday
Eastern Romance
Western Romance
French hier yesterday
Haitian Creole yè yesterday
Italian ieri
Spanish ayer yesterday
Latin abante heri day before yesterday
Western Romance
French avant-hier day before yesterday
Italian avantieri day before yesterday
Spanish anteayer day before yesterday
Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰesteros with contrastive *-teros
Germanic *gesteraz yesterday
West Germanic
Old English ġiestran
Frankish
Old High German gesteren
Germanic *gesteradagaz yesterday
East Germanic
Gothic 𐌲𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍂𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌹𐍃 gistradagis tomorrow
West Germanic
Old English ġiestrandæġ yesterday
North Germanic
Italic *hesternos
Latin hesternus related to yesterday, yesterday's
Translingual Camelops hesternus Yesterday's Camel (species name)
Proto-Indo-European *dʰǵʰyes-
Germanic *gēz yesterday
North Germanic
Old Norse gær yesterday
Old Norse í gær yesterday "at yesterday" compare locative *dʰǵʰés-i
Danish i går yesterday
Icelandic í gær yesterday, last night
West Germanic
Old English ġeāra long ago
Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰyás
Indo-Aryan *źʰyás
Sanskrit 𑀳𑁆𑀬𑀲𑁆 hyás yesterday
Elu
Sinhala ඊයේ īyē yesterday
Pali hiyyō
Sauraseni 𑀳𑀺𑀚𑁆𑀚𑁄 hijjo
West Indo-Aryan
Iranian *ȷ́yáh
Avestan 𐬰𐬫𐬋 zyō
Western Iranian
Northwestern Iranian
Old Persian 𐎮𐎹𐎣 di-ya-ka
Persian دی di yester, yesterday
Persian دیروز diruz yesterday
Persian دیشب dišab last night
Hellenic
Ancient Greek χθιζός khthizós related to yesterday, yesterday's
Visual
Collected English words
day ,
daisy ,
dagaz ,
yester- ,
yesterday ,
Camelops hesternus ,
yore
Footnotes
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