Introduction

Peculiar fellow, that cyclops.

Teaser

fee, feudal, peculiar, fellow, cyclops, fight, Shadowfax

Full Text

• Proto-Indo-European *peḱ- wool, livestock, wealth

  • Proto-Indo-European *péḱu

    • Old Armenian ասու asu fleece, wool

      • Armenian ասր asr fine fleece
    • Balto-Slavic *péku

      • East Baltic

        • Lithuanian pekus
      • West Baltic

        • Old Prussian pecku cattle
    • Germanic *fehu wealth, cattle, the rune ᚠ

      • East Germanic

        • Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐌷𐌿 faihu property, wealth, money, the letter 𐍆
      • North Germanic *fehu *fēh

        • Old Norse fé livestock, property, money, the rune ᚠ

          • Old East Norse

            • Danish fæ cattle, idiot
            • Swedish fä creature, cattle
          • Old West Norse

            • Faroese fæ cattle, livestock, wealth, money, property
            • Icelandic fé livestock, wealth, money, the rune ᚠ
          • Old Norse féhirðir shepherd

            • Old West Norse

              • Icelandic féhirðir treasurer
          • Old Norse félag partnership, joint business venture, fellowship

            • Old East Norse

              • Danish fællig / fælles community, communal, shared
            • Old West Norse

              • Icelandic félag society, company, organization
            • Old Norse félagi

              • Old East Norse

                • Danish fælle fellow, companion
              • Old West Norse

                • Icelandic félagi companion, partner, member
              • Old English fēolaga companion, partner, colleague

                • Middle English felage / felawe companion, partner, colleague

                  • English fellow
      • West Germanic

        • Old English feoh money, livestock, property, the rune ᚠ

          • Middle English feh / fe / fee livestock, cattle

            • English fee
          • Old English fēolaga
        • Frankish *feu

          • Middle Dutch vee livestock

            • Dutch vee livestock, cattle
            • Afrikaans vee
          • Medieval Latin feus

            • Medieval Latin fevum

              • Old French fief

                • Middle French fief

                  • French fief fief
                  • English fief
            • Medieval Latin feudum fief, fee

              • Italian feudo fief, domain, stronghold
              • Spanish feudo fief, home ground
              • Medieval Latin feudālis

                • Old French feodal feudal

                  • Middle French

                    • French féodal feudal
                  • Middle English

                    • English feudal
        • Old High German fihu livestock, cattle

          • Middle High German vich / vehe / vie

            • German Vieh livestock, beast
            • German Viech animal, beast, vermin
            • Yiddish פֿיך fikh livestock, cattle
      • English fehu the rune ᚠ
    • Hellenic *péku

      • Hellenic *pᵊkú-klṓps cattle-thief

        • Classical Greek Κύκλωψ Kúklōps cyclops ^[1]

          • Latin cyclōps

            • English cyclops
    • Indo-Iranian *paću livestock

      • Indo-Iranian *paćupaHnáh shepherd, sheep-protector

        • Indo-Aryan

          • Sanskrit 𑀧𑀰𑀼𑀧𑀦𑁆 paśupan
        • Iranian *fšupāna

          • Pashto شپون špūn shepherd
          • Sogdo-Bactrian

            • Bactrian χοβανο khobano shepherd
          • Western Iranian

            • Northwestern Iranian

              • Kurdish şivan shepherd
            • Old Persian *fšupāna-

              • Middle Persian šwbʾn

                • Persian چوپان čupân shepherd

                  • Hindustani

                    • Hindi चूपान cūpān shepherd, cowherd
                    • Urdu چوپان cūpān shepherd, cowherd, caretaker
                  • Ottoman Turkish چوبان çoban shepherd, pastor, herdsman, peasant, lout

                    • Turkish çoban shepherd, herdsman
                    • Albanian çoban shepherd, Aromanian
                    • Armenian չոբան čʻoban shepherd, bumpkin
                    • Greek τσοπάνης shepherd
                    • Romanian cioban shepherd
                    • Serbo-Croatian чобан / čoban shepherd, bumpkin
      • Indo-Aryan *páśu

        • Sanskrit 𑀧𑀰𑀼 पशु paśu cattle, domestic animal

          • Prakrit 𑀧𑀲𑀼 / 𑀧𑀰𑀼 pasu paśu beast

            • Gandhari Prakrit 𐨤𐨭𐨂 paśu
            • Magadhi

              • Bengali-Assamese

                • Assamese পহু / পশু pohu poxu deer and similar wild herbivores
            • Maharashtri 𑀧𑀲𑀼 pasu animal, esp. horned

              • Marathi पशू paśū animal
            • Pali 𑀧𑀲𑀼 pasu cattle

              • Cebuano pasong manger, trough
            • Sauraseni 𑀧𑀲𑀼 pasu animal, esp. horned

              • Madhya Sauraseni

                • Hindustani

                  • Hindi पस pas heifer
              • Northwestern Sauraseni

                • Kashmiri پۆش poś
                • Punjabi ਪਸੂ pasū animal, beast, quadruped, cattle
          • Telugu పశువు paśuvu beast, cattle, domestic ungulate
      • Iranian *pácu livestock, sheep

        • Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬯𐬎 pasu livestock
        • Pashto پسه pəsə́ ram, sheep
        • Scythian

          • Alanian

            • Ossetian фыс / фус fys fus sheep
          • Saka

            • Khotani pasä
            • Wakhi pus sheep
        • Sogdo-Bactrian

          • Bactrian ποσο poso sheep
          • Sogdic

            • Sogdian 𐼾𐼼𐼴 / 𐼾𐼼 / 𐼽𐼾𐼼 / ܦܣܘ / ܦܣ / ܥܦܣ / 𐫛𐫘 psu ps əpas cattle, sheep
        • Western Iranian

          • Northwestern Iranian

            • Balochi پس pas sheep, goat
            • Kurdish پەز / pez sheep
            • Parthian 𐫛𐫘 pas sheep
          • Old Persian

            • Middle Persian 𐭯𐭠𐭮 pah sheep

              • Achomi په pah goat
      • Iranian *fšu-

        • Avestan 𐬟𐬱𐬎 fšu
        • Iranian *fšupátiš shepherd, sheep-master
      • Ob Ugric *peečəɣ young (semi-domestic) reindeer

        • Khanty пеши pješi yearling reindeer
        • Mansi пасиг pasig reindeer calf
      • Finno-Samic *počaw (semi-domestic) reindeer

        • Finnic

          • Finnish poro (semi-domestic) reindeer
        • Samic *poacōj

          • Finnish poro (semi-domestic) reindeer
          • Inari Sámi puásui (semi-domestic) reindeer
          • Northern Sámi boazu (semi-domestic) reindeer
    • Italic *peku

      • Latin pecū cattle

        • Latin pecūnia money, wealth

          • Latin pecūniārius financial, related to money, pecuniary

            • English pecuniary
        • Latin pecūlium private property, livestock

          • French pécule savings
          • Spanish pegullo herd
          • Latin pecūliāris private, specific

            • English peculiar
          • Latin pecūlārī to embezzle, to peculate

            • English peculate
      • Umbrian 𐌐𐌄𐌒𐌏 peqo wealth
  • Proto-Indo-European *ṓ-pḱu-iyos having livestock

    • Balto-Slavic

      • Baltic

        • East Baltic

          • Lithuanian úošvis father-in-law
  • Proto-Indo-European *péḱti

    • Balto-Slavic

      • East Baltic

        • Lithuanian pèšti to pluck, to pull, to tear out

          • Lithuanian pašýti to tug, to fight, to brawl iterative
    • Hellenic

      • Classical Greek πέκω pékō I shear, I comb, I pluck
  • Proto-Indo-European *peḱteti

    • Germanic *fehtaną to comb, to shear, to detangle, to struggle with

      • West Germanic *fehtan to fight

        • Old English feohtan to fight

          • Middle English fehten / fighten

            • English fight
            • Scots fecht to fight, to struggle
        • Frankish *fehtan

          • Middle Dutch vechten

            • Dutch vechten to fight
        • Old High German fehtan

          • Middle High German vehten

            • German fechten to fence, to fight

              • Russian фехтовать fextovatʹ to fence
              • German Fuchtel broadsword
        • Old Saxon fehtan to fight

          • Middle Low German vechten to fight

            • Low German fechten to fence, to fight, to brawl
            • Danish fægte to fence, to fight, to brawl
    • Hellenic

      • Classical Greek πεκτέω pektéō I shear, I clip
    • Italic *pektezi

      • Latin pectere to comb, to card (wool), to weed, to thrash (someone)
  • Proto-Indo-European *péḱos

    • Hellenic

      • Classical Greek πέκος pékos
    • Italic *pekos

      • Latin pecus cattle, herd

        • Central Romance

          • Italian pecora sheep, ewe
        • Latin pecorārius herdsman, shepherd

          • Eastern Romance

            • Romanian păcurár shepherd
          • Central Romance

            • Italian pecoraio shepherd
  • Proto-Indo-European *poḱos

    • Germanic *fahaz sheep

      • North Germanic

        • Old Norse

          • Old East Norse *fáʀ

            • Danish får sheep
            • Swedish får sheep, mutton
          • Old West Norse fær sheep

            • Old West Norse

              • Faroese førilús sheep ked (louse)
              • Icelandic færilús sheep ked (louse)
            • Old West Norse Færeyjar Sheep Islands, the Faroe Islands

              • Old East Norse

                • Danish Færøerne Faroe Islands

                  • English Faroe

                    • English Faroese

                      • Translingual fao ISO 639 code for Faroese
                • Swedish Färöarna Faroe Islands
            • Faroese Føroyar Faroe Islands
            • Icelandic Færeyjar Faroe Islands
    • Hellenic

      • Classical Greek πόκος pókos wool, fleece
  • Proto-Indo-European *péḱleh₂

    • Albanian pillë flax comb, hatchel
  • Proto-Indo-European *poḱtis

    • Germanic *fahtiz wool, fleece

      • West Germanic

        • Old English feht fleece
        • Frankish *faht

          • Middle Dutch vacht

            • Dutch vacht fur, pelt
  • Proto-Indo-European *pǝḱténs

    • Hellenic

      • Classical Greek κτείς / κτεν- kteís kten- comb, rake, scallop, pubic hair

        • Greek χτένα chténa comb
        • Classical Greek κτενίζω ktenízō I comb

          • Greek χτενίζω chtenízo I comb, I groom, I search
        • New Latin cteno-

          • Translingual Ctenophora taxonomic phylum of comb jellies
          • English cteno-
    • Italic

      • Latin pecten comb, scallop, pubic hair

        • English pecten not to be confused with unrelated pectin
  • Proto-Indo-European *poḱsmn̥

    • Indo-Iranian *páćšma wool, fleece, bristles

      • Indo-Aryan *páṭṣma

        • Sanskrit 𑀧𑀓𑁆𑀱𑁆𑀫𑀦𑁆 pákṣman eyelash, whisker, hair

          • Sauraseni 𑀧𑀫𑁆𑀳 pamha

            • Madhya Sauraseni

              • Hindi पपनी papnī eyelash
      • Iranian *pášma

        • Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬱𐬨𐬀 pašma wool
        • Scythian

          • Alanian

            • Ossetian фӕсм fæsm wool
        • Western Iranian

          • Old Persian *pašma

            • Middle Persian 𐭯𐭱𐭬 pašm

              • Persian پشم pašm wool, chest hair, pubic hair
  • Proto-Indo-European *poḱsom

    • Germanic *fahsą (head) hair, mane

      • North Germanic

        • Old Norse fax mane

          • Old West Norse

            • Icelandic fax mane
            • Scots fax sea foam, breakers
          • Old Norse Skinfaxi Shining-Mane, horse belonging to Day personified
          • Old Norse Hrímfaxi Frost-Mane, horse belonging to Night personified
      • West Germanic

        • Old English feax mane, (head) hair

          • Middle English fax

            • English fax

              • English Fairfax
              • English Shadowfax
        • Frankish *fahs

          • Middle Dutch vas

            • Dutch vas

Visual

Collected English words

fellow, fee, fief, feudal, fehu, cyclops, pecuniary, peculiar, peculate, fight, Faroe, Faroese, fao, Ctenophora, cteno-, pecten, fax, Fairfax, Shadowfax

Footnotes

1. ^

   Κύκλωψ Kúklōps: "cyclops" is traditionally understood as "round eye", but this may be an eggcorn of *pḱu-klṓps: "cattle-thief", after Greek lost the word *péḱu. If so, the reinterpretation of the word may have led to a re-envisioning of the creature. (It doesn't take much reconstruction to reach the conclusion that cattle-raids were part of Indo-European culture and mythology.)