December theme: Religion 📿
Introduction
We start religion words with *dyḗwos ph₂tḗr, Old Father Shining-Sky himself.
Interestingly English "day" is not from this root, despite similarity to many IE words for "day", e.g. Latin diēs, etc. Germanic *d corresponds to Latin f (PIE *dʰ); Latin d corresponds to Germanic *t (PIE *d). Germanic used to have a cognate word for "day": *tīnaz, but in English it is preserved only in the t at the end of Lent (*langatīnaz, "long-days, lengthening-days", i.e. "spring").
Update: see Yesterday.
Likewise, Greek θεός theós: "god", is unrelated despite the similarity to Latin deus. Greek θ also comes from PIE *dʰ, so would also correspond to Latin f, not d.
Teaser
divine, divine, Zeus, Jupiter, Tuesday, Diwali, Lenten
Full Text
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Proto-Indo-European *dyew- to be bright, sky, heaven
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Proto-Indo-European *diwós bright
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Indo-Iranian
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Indo-Aryan
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Sanskrit 𑀤𑀺𑀯𑀲 divasa day
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Pali divasa day
- Thai ทิวส
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Sauraseni
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Western Sauraseni
- Gujarati દી dī day
- Romani dives
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- Marathi दिवस divas
- Telugu దివసము divasamu
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Proto-Indo-European *diwoh₁ bright
- Old Armenian տիւ tiw day, daytime
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Proto-Indo-European *dyḗws sky, heaven, divine name: Dyeus agentive: ~"brightener, heavener"
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Proto-Indo-European *dʰugh₂tḗr dyēws daughter of Dyeus
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Hellenic
- Homeric Greek Διὸς θυγάτηρ dios thugatēr daughter of Zeus, epithet of Aphrodiate, Helen, etc.
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Indo-Iranian
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Indo-Aryan
- Vedic Sanskrit 𑀤𑀼𑀳𑀺𑀢𑀸 𑀤𑀺𑀯 duhitā́ diváḥ Daughter of the Sky, epithet of Ushas
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Hellenic *dzeus
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Classical Greek Ζεύς Zeús Zeus new accusative Δία Día
- Greek Ζευς Zefs Jupiter, Zeus
- Greek Δίας Dias Jupiter, Zeus from acc.
- English Zeus
- Lydian 𐤩𐤤𐤥𐤮 lewś
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Messapic
- Messapian 𐌆𐌉𐌑 zis
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Hellenic *dzḗn accusative
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Classical Greek Ζήν Zḗn Zeus (poetic variant)
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Classical Greek Ζήνων Zḗnōn personal name: Zeus's? masculine substantive of the genitive Ζηνός?
- Greek Ζήνων Zínon
- Latin Zēnōn
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Latin Zēnō
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English Zeno
- English Zeno's paradox
- English zenosyne
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Classical Greek Ζηνόβιος Zēnóbios Zeus-Life
- Greek Ζηνόβιος Zinóvios
- Russian Зиновий Zinóvij
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Latin Zēnobius
- English Zenobius
- French Zénobe
- Italian Zenobio
- Spanish Cenobio
- Classical Greek Ζηνοβία Zēnobía Zeus-Life?, Zeus-Power?
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Classical Greek Ζηνοβία Zēnobía Zeus-Life?, Zeus-Power?, Flower?
- Greek Ζηνοβία Zinovía
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Latin Zenobia
- English Zenobia
- Translingual Zenobia taxonomic genus of honeycups
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Hellenic *diwos genitive and ablative
- Mycenaean Greek 𐀇𐀺 di-wo (of?) Zeus
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Classical Greek Διός Diós Zeus's genitive
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Classical Greek Διόσκουροι Dióskouroi the Twins Castor and Pollux lit. "Zeus's Boys"
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Latin Dioscuri
- English Dioscuri
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- Classical Greek Διόδωρος Diódōros personal name: Zeus's-Gift
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Classical Greek Διοκλῆς Dioklês personal name: Zeus's-Fame
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Latin Diocletianus
- English Diocletian
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Classical Greek ἡμέρα Διός hēméra Diós Zeus's day, Thursday
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Latin dies Iovis / diēs Iovis Jupiter's day, Thursday
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Central Romance
- Italian giovedì Thursday
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Eastern Romance
- Romanian joi Thursday
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Insular Romance
- Sardinian gióbia Thursday
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Western Romance
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Old French jusdi / juesdi / jeudi Thursday
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Middle French
- French jeudi Thursday
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Spanish jueves Thursday
- Tagalog Huwebes Thursday
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- Albanian e enjte of Agni, Thursday
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West Germanic *þunras dag Thor's day, Thursday
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Old English þursdæġ
- English Thursday
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Frankish *thonarsdag
- Dutch donderdag Thursday
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Old High German
- German Donnerstag Thursday
- Yiddish דאָנערשטיק donershtik Thursday
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- Sanskrit 𑀕𑀼𑀭𑀼𑀯𑀸𑀭 guruvāra Jupiter-day, Thursday
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Sanskrit 𑀩𑀾𑀳𑀲𑁆𑀧𑀢𑀺𑀯𑀸𑀭𑀂 bṛhaspativāraḥ Jupiter-day, Thursday
- Literary Chinese 木曜日
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Tibetan གཟའ་ཕུར་བུ gza' phur bu weekday-Jupiter, Thursday
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Middle Mongolian ᠹᠦᠷᠪᠦ phürbü Thursday
- Mongolian пүрэв pürev Thursday
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Hellenic *dzeu-nuso?
- Mycenaean Greek 𐀇𐀺𐀝𐀰 di-wo-nu-so divine name
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Classical Greek Διόνυσος Diónusos divine name, Dionysus
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Latin Dionysus
- English Dionysus
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Classical Greek Διονύσιος Dionúsios (worshipper) of Dionysus
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Latin Dionysius
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Western Romance
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Old French Denis
- Middle French
- French Denis
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Middle English Denis
- English Denis / Dennis
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Middle English Tenney diminutive
- English Tennison
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Indo-Iranian *dyā́wš
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Indo-Aryan *dyā́wṣ
- Sanskrit 𑀤𑁆𑀬𑀼 dyú heaven, sky, day, fire
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Iranian *dyā́wš
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Avestan dyaoš from the sky
- Persian زاوش Zāvoš from the sky, heavenly, Zeus (greek divinity), Jupiter (planet)
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Italic *djous *djēm day, sky, Jupiter
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Latin diēs / diem day nominative back-formed from accusative
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Latin hoc diē / hodiē / ozē this day, today
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Central Romance
- Dalmatian vai today
- Italian oggi today
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Insular Romance
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Sardinian
- Campidanese oi today
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Western Romance
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Old French hui
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Middle French hui / huy
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Middle French auiourd'huy
- French aujourd'hui today
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Old French meshui
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Middle French
- French méshui today, now, from now on
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- Spanish hoy today
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Latin dominicus / diēs Dominicus / diēs Dominica *dominicus *dominica
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Latin Dominicus
- English Dominic
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Latin diēs Dominicus / diēs Dominica *dominicus *dominica Lord's day, Sunday
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Central Romance
- Dalmatian domienca Sunday
- Italian domenica Sunday
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Eastern Romance
- Aromanian Dumãnicã Sunday
- Romanian duminică Sunday
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Insular Romance
- Sardinian domìniga / domìnigu / dumìnica Sunday
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Western Romance
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Gallo-Romance
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Old French diemenche Sunday
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Middle French
- French dimanche Sunday
- Walon dimegne Sunday
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Norman
- Jersey Dînmanche Sunday
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Gallo-Italic
- Emilian dmanndga / dmanga Sunday
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Old Provençal
- Catalan diumenge Sunday
- Occitan dimenge Sunday
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Ibero-Romance
- Asturian domingu Sunday
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Old Portuguese domingo Sunday
- Galician domingo Sunday
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Portuguese domingo Sunday
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Malay Minggu Sunday
- Malay minggu week
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Old Spanish domingo Sunday
- Spanish domingo Sunday
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- Basque domeka Sunday
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Old Irish domnach Sunday
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Middle Irish domnach Sunday
- Irish Domhnach Sunday
- Manx Doonaght Sunday
- Scottish Gaelic Dòmhnach Sunday
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Old Irish día Domnaig
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Middle Irish
- Irish Dé Domhnaigh on Sunday adverb
- Manx Jedoonee Sunday, on Sunday
- Scottish Gaelic Didòmhnaich Sunday, on Sunday
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- Literary Chinese 主日 Lord-Day, Sunday
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Central Romance
- Italian dì day (archaic)
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Insular Romance
- Sardinian dì day
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Eastern Romance
- Romanian zi day
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Western Romance
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Old French di day
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Middle French
- French -di
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Spanish día day
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Spanish Día de Muertos Day of the Dead
- English Dia de los Muertos
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Latin carpe diem
- English carpe diem
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Latin diārium daily allowance, wage, journal, diary
- English diary
- English circadian
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Latin *medī-diēs mid-day
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Latin merīdiēs midday, noon, south dissimilation of 'd'
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Central Romance
- Italian meriggio midday
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Eastern Romance
- Romanian meriză palce where cattle rest at noon
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Latin ante merīdiem before midday
- English a.m.
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Latin post merīdiem after midday
- English p.m.
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Latin merīdiānus relating to midday, southern
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French méridien relating to midday, meridian
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English meridian
- English autonomous sensory meridian response / ASMR
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- Latin Dies Natalis Solis Invicti
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Latin dies Iovis / diēs Iovis Jupiter's day, Thursday
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Central Romance
- Italian giovedì Thursday
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Eastern Romance
- Romanian joi Thursday
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Insular Romance
- Sardinian gióbia Thursday
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Western Romance
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Old French jusdi / juesdi / jeudi Thursday
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Middle French
- French jeudi Thursday
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Spanish jueves Thursday
- Tagalog Huwebes Thursday
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- Albanian e enjte of Agni, Thursday
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West Germanic *þunras dag Thor's day, Thursday
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Old English þursdæġ
- English Thursday
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Frankish *thonarsdag
- Dutch donderdag Thursday
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Old High German
- German Donnerstag Thursday
- Yiddish דאָנערשטיק donershtik Thursday
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Latin dies Mercurii / diēs Mercurii
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Central Romance
- Italian mercoledì Wednesday
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Eastern Romance
- Aromanian Njercuri Wednesday
- Romanian miercuri Wednesday
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Insular Romance
- Sardinian mélcuris Wednesday
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Western Romance
- French mercredi Wednesday
- Spanish miércoles Wednesday
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West Germanic *wōdanas dag Odin's Day, Wednesday calque of Latin dies Mercurii
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Old Norse óðinsdagr Odin's Day, Wednesday
- Danish onsdag Wednesday
- Icelandic óðinsdagur Wednesday (archaic)
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Old English wōdnesdæġ Wednesday
- Middle English Wodnesdai Wednesday
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Old English *wēdnesdæġ Wednesday
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Middle English Wednesdei Wednesday
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English Wednesday
- Māori Wenerei Wednesday
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Frankish *wuodenesdag
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Dutch woensdag Wednesday
- Dutch Woen partially back-formed from woensdag
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Latin dies Saturni / diēs Saturni Saturn's day, Saturday
- West Germanic *sāturnas dag Saturn's day, Saturday
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Latin diēs Veneris Venus's day, Friday
- Albanian e premte Friday calque of (diēs) Veneris: "Venus's day"
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West Germanic *frījā dag Frigg's day, Friday
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Old English frīġedæġ Friday
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Middle English Friday Friday
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English Friday
- English Word Family Friday
- Māori Paraire Friday
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Frankish *frīadag
- Dutch vrijdag Friday
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Old High German frīatag Friday
- German Freitag Friday
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Old Saxon *frīadag
- Low German Freedag Friday
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Old Norse frjádagr Friday
- Danish fredag Friday
- Finnish perjantai Friday
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Old Norse frjádagr Friday
- Danish fredag Friday
- Finnish perjantai Friday
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Central Romance
- Italian venerdì Friday
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Eastern Romance
- Romanian venderdi / vendergis / vendarde Friday
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Western Romance
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Old French vendredi Friday
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Middle French vendredi Friday
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French vendredi Friday
- Haitian Creole vandredi Friday
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- Spanish viernes Friday
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Latin diēs Solis Sun's day, Sunday
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West Germanic *sunnōn dag Sunday
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Old Norse sunnudagr Sunday
- Danish søndag Sunday
- Icelandic sunnudagur Sunday
- Finnish sunnuntai Sunday
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Old English sunnandæġ Sunday
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Middle English Sunnenday Sunday
- English Sunday
- Scots Sunday Sunday
- Yola Zindei Sunday
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Frankish *sunnadag
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Dutch zondag Sunday
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Afrikaans Sondag Sunday
- Zulu iSonto Sunday
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Japanese ドンタク dontaku Sunday (archaic), holiday, day off, festival day
- Japanese 半ドン handon a half-day (half work or school and half holiday)
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Old High German sunnuntag Sunday
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Middle High German
- German Sonntag
- Yiddish זונטיק zuntik Sunday
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- Albanian e diel of the Sun, Sunday
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Latin diēs Lunae Moon's day, Monday
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West Germanic *mānini dag Monday
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Old Norse mánadagr Monday
- Danish mandag Monday
- Icelandic mánudagur Monday
- Finnish maanantai Monday
- Northern Sámi mánnodat Monday
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West Germanic
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Old English mōnandæg Monday
- English Monday
- Scots Monanday Monday
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Frankish *mānendag
- Dutch maandag Monday
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Old High German mānitag Monday
- German Montag Monday
- Yiddish מאָנטיק montik Monday
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- Albanian e hënë of the Moon, Monday
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Latin diēs Martis Mars's day, Tuesday
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West Germanic *tīwas dag Tiw's day, Tuesday
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Old Norse týsdagr Tuesday
- Danish tirsdag Tuesday
- Finnish tiistai Tuesday
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Old English tiwesdæġ Tuesday
- English Tuesday
- Scots Tysday Tuesday
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Old High German zīostag Tuesday
- German Ziestag Tuesday (dialectic)
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Italic *djowes genitive
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Latin Iovis of Jupiter (genitive)
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Latin dies Iovis / diēs Iovis Jupiter's day, Thursday
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Central Romance
- Italian giovedì Thursday
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Eastern Romance
- Romanian joi Thursday
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Insular Romance
- Sardinian gióbia Thursday
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Western Romance
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Old French jusdi / juesdi / jeudi Thursday
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Middle French
- French jeudi Thursday
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Spanish jueves Thursday
- Tagalog Huwebes Thursday
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- Albanian e enjte of Agni, Thursday
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West Germanic *þunras dag Thor's day, Thursday
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Old English þursdæġ
- English Thursday
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Frankish *thonarsdag
- Dutch donderdag Thursday
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Old High German
- German Donnerstag Thursday
- Yiddish דאָנערשטיק donershtik Thursday
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Italic *djowi ablative
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Latin Iove from Jupiter (ablative)
- English Jove
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Latin *Iovilios? descended from Jove?
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Latin Iūlius
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Latin mēnsis Iūlius / Iūlius
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Western Romance
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Old French juil / jule / julie
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Middle English Julie / Julye
- English July
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- English Julius
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Latin Iūlia
- Latin Iulia Suausia / Iūlia Suausia
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Italic *djousnus daily, day-like
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Latin diurnus daily, of the day, lasting for a day
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Central Romance
- Italian giorno day
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Western Romance
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Old French jorn / jor day
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Old French toz jorz always, still
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Middle French tousjours / tousiours always, still
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French toujours always, still
- French les cordonniers sont toujours les plus mal chaussés shoemakers are always the worst shod
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Middle French jour
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Middle French auiourd'huy
- French aujourd'hui today
- French jour day
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Old French a jor / a jorn to the day
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Old French ajorner to wait until the day, to postpone, to adjourn
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Middle French
- French ajourner to postpone, to adjourn, to put off
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Middle English ajournen
- English adjourn
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French diurne diurnal
- Romanian diurn diurnal
- Spanish diurno diurnal
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Latin *subdiurnus of less than a day
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Latin *subdiurnum a time less than a day, an activity done for less than a day
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Central Romance
- Italian soggiorno a stay, a residence, a sojourn, a living room, a lounge
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Western Romance
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Old French sojor / sojorn rest, time spent in a place, sojourn
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Middle French
- French séjour a stay, a visit, a sojourn, a living room
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Middle English sojourne
- English sojourn noun
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Latin *subdiurnare to last less than a day, to do something for less than a day
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Central Romance
- Italian soggiornare to stay, to sojourn
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Western Romance
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Old French sojorner to spend time in a place, to rest, to wait for, to be late
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Middle French
- French séjourner to stay, to sojourn
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Middle English sojournen
- English sojourn verb
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Latin diurnālis of the day, taking place in the day, diurnal
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Central Romance
- Italian giornale (daily) newspaper
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Western Romance
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Old French jornel / jurnal / journal daily
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Middle French
- French journal daily, (daily) diary, (daily) newspaper
- Middle English journal
- English journal
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- English diurnal
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Latin *diurnata A day's work, a day's travel
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Western Romance
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Old French jornee / jurnee day, the appointed day, a day's work, a day's travel
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Middle French
- French journée
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Middle English journe / journee / jorney
- English journey
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- Spanish jornada working day, hike, day trip
- Welsh diwrnod day (24 hours), a day's activity
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Italic *djubās day-shining
- Latin iubar light, sunshine, radiance, splendor
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Paleo-Balkan
- Albanian Zojz divinity of the sky and lightning
- Messapian ΖΙΣ Zis divinity of the sky
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Lusitanian *riewo-? *rewo-?
- Latin Reo to Reus (a Lusitanian divinity)
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Proto-Indo-European *dyḗwos ph₂tḗr Father Dyeus
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Celtic *dēwos ɸatir Father God
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Celtic *sindos dago-dēwos ollo-ɸatir The Good God, All Father
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Old Irish in Dagdae, Ollathair The Good God, All Father
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Old Irish in Dagdae the Dagda
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Middle Irish in Dagda the Dagda
- Irish an Daghdha the Dagda
- English the Dagda / Dagda
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Indo-Iranian
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Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit 𑀤𑁆𑀬𑁅𑀱𑁆𑀧𑀺𑀢𑀾 Dyauṣpitṛ Sky Father, Rigvedic divinity of the sky suggested to be the father or grandfather of Indra
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Italic *djous patēr Father Day Sky
- Latin Diēspiter
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Latin Iuppiter Jupiter
- English Jupiter
- Umbrian 𐌉𐌖𐌐𐌀𐌕𐌄𐌓 iupater Jupiter
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Illyrian
- Classical Greek Δειπάτυροϛ Deipáturos
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Proto-Indo-European *átta dyḗws Father (Dad) Dyeus
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Pre-Albanian *dziew atta words reversed
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Albanian Zot Sky Father, Father Zojz
- Albanian zot master, boss, lord, sir, Mr.
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Anatolian
- Hieroglyphic Luwian Tatiš Tiwaz Father Tiwaz
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Proto-Indo-European *diwHō authority of Dyeus "Hoffmann's suffix"
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Proto-Indo-European *diwoHonh₂ She who has the authority of Dyeus, or She who is under the authority of Dyeus
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Celtic
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Gaulish Deuona goddess, or the divinity of springs specifcally
- Classical Greek Δηουόνα Dēouóna
- Latin Divona Gallo-Roman divinity of Bordeaux's sacred spring
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Hellenic *Diwōna
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Classical Greek Διώνη Diṓnē Dione
- Greek Διώνη Dióni Dione
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Latin Diōne
- English Dione
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Italic *Dīwāna
- Latin Diana shortened by syncope
- Italic *Dīwa Iāna re-intrepreted as "Goddess Iana"
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Latin Dīvā Iāna
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Latin Iāna
- Sardinian jana fairy
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Proto-Indo-European *diwés gʷl̥h₂enos Dyeus's acorn, divine nut
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Pre-Armenian *tukałin
- Armenian տկողին tkołin hazelnut
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Hellenic
- Classical Greek Διὸς βάλανος Diòs bálanos sweet chestnut
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Italic *djouglānts
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Latin iūglāns walnut
- Translingual Juglans taxonomic genus of walnuts
- English juglans
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Proto-Indo-European *diwyós *diwyéh₂ *diwyóm heavenly, divine
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Hellenic *díwiyos *díwiyā *díwiyon
- Mycenaean Greek 𐀇𐀹𐀍 / 𐀇𐀄𐀍 di-wi-jo di-u-jo
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Classical Greek δῖος / δῖα / δῖον dîos dîa dîon heavenly, divine
- Translingual Dianthus genus of carnations and pinks as if δῖἄνθος
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Indo-Iranian *diwyás *diwyā́ *divyám
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Indo-Aryan *diwyás
- Sanskrit दि॒व्यः दि॒व्या दि॒व्यम् divyáḥ divyā́ divyám divine, celestial, supernatural
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Italic *dijos
- Latin dīus divine, godly
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Proto-Indo-European *deywós god Vriddhi derivative with vowel in incorrect position for this root, but more common in other roots
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Anatolian
- Hittite 𒅆𒍑 sius god
- Hieroglyphic Luwian Tiwaz Divinity of the Sun
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Balto-Slavic *deiwas god
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Baltic
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East Baltic
- Lithuanian diẽvas god
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West Baltic
- Old Prussian deywis god
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Slavic *divъ miracle
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East Slavic
- Russian диво divo wonder, miracle, marvel
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South Slavic
- Old Church Slavonic дивъ dziw astonishment, wonder
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West Slavic
- Polish dziw wonder
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Finnic *taivas sky, heaven
- Estonian taevas sky, heaven
- Finnish taivas sky, heaven
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Celtic *dēwos god
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Brythonic *duɨw god
- Welsh duw god
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Hispano-Celtic
- Gallaecian Deuori divine name, possibly *dēwo-rīxs: "God-King"
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Old Irish día god phonologically recollapsed with "day"
- Irish dia god
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Germanic *Tīwaz god generally, or Tyr specifically, divinity of Law and Heroic Glory, the rune ᛏ
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East Germanic
- Gothic 𐍄𐌴𐌹𐍅𐍃 teiws Tyr, the letter 𐍄
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North Germanic
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Old Norse Týr Tyr, the rune ᛏ
- Danish
- Icelandic Týr Tyr
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Old Norse týsdagr Tuesday
- Danish tirsdag Tuesday
- Finnish tiistai Tuesday
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West Germanic
- Old English Tīw Tyr, the rune ᛏ
- Old High German Ziu Tyr
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West Germanic *tīwas dag Tiw's day, Tuesday
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Old Norse týsdagr Tuesday
- Danish tirsdag Tuesday
- Finnish tiistai Tuesday
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Old English tiwesdæġ Tuesday
- English Tuesday
- Scots Tysday Tuesday
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Old High German zīostag Tuesday
- German Ziestag Tuesday (dialectic)
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- English Tiwaz the rune ᛏ
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Indo-Iranian *daywás god
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Finnic *taivas sky, heaven
- Estonian taevas sky, heaven
- Finnish taivas sky, heaven
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Indo-Aryan *daivás
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Sanskrit 𑀤𑁂𑀯 devá god, divine, idol
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Sauraseni
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Hindustani
- Hindi देव dev deity, god, deva
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- Telugu దేవుడు dēvuḍu god, cloud
- Malay dewa god
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Iranian *daywáh
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Avestan daēuua (false) god, daeva
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Sanskrit 𑀤𑁂𑀯𑀦𑀸𑀕𑀭𑀻 देवनागरी devánāgarī devánāgarī Devanagari
- Hindi देवनागरी devnāgrī Devanagari
- English Devanagari
- English daeva
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Western Iranian
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Old Persian 𐎭𐎡𐎺 daiva false god, daeva, demon
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Middle Persian
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Persian دیو dêv demon, daeva
- Arabic دِيُو diyū daeva
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Ottoman Turkish دیو div demon, jinn, giant
- Turkish dev giant, colossus, huge
- Serbo-Croatian див div giant
- Armenian դեւ dew demon, evil spirit, ghost
- Georgian დევი devi giant, monster, dragon
- Aramaic 𐡃𐡉𐡅𐡀 daywā demon, evil spirit
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Italic *deiwos god
- Oscan 𐌃𐌄𐌝𐌅𐌀𐌝 deívaí
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Latin deus god
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Central Romance
- Italian dio god
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Eastern Romance
- Romanian zeu god
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Western Romance
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Old French deu
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Middle French dieu
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French dieu god
- Haitian Creole Bondye
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Portuguese deus god
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Macanese Patois
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Chinese Pidgin English joss
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English joss
- English joss stick
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Spanish dios god
- Quechua dyus god
- Tagalog diyos god
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Latin deus ex māchinā
- English deus ex machina
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Latin ad deus (I commend you) to god, farewell
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Central Romance
- Italian addio goodbye, farewell
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Western Romance
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Old French a deu
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Middle French adieu
- French adieu farewell, goodbye
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- Spanish adiós goodbye, farewell
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Latin Credo in unum Deum I believe in one God beginning of the Nicene Creed
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Old English crēda creed
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Middle English crede creed
- English creed
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Old French credo creed, esp. the Nicene Creed or Apostle's Creed
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Middle French credo
- French credo
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Middle English credo
- English credo
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Latin deitās / deitātem divinity, deity, the nature of a god coined by Augustine
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Eastern Romance
- Romanian zeitate deity
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Central Romance
- Italian deità godhood, divinity, deity
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Western Romance
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Old French
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Middle French deité
- French déité deity
- English deity
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- Spanish deidad deity
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- Latin Di Penates / Penates Household Gods
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Latin dīvus divine, godlike, godly, deified mortal
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Central Romance
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Italian divo god, star/celebrity (deified mortal)
- English diva
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Latin dīvīnus of a god
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Central Romance
- Italian divino divine, heavenly
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Old French divin
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Middle French
- French divin divine
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Middle English
- English divine
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- Spanish divino divine, heavenly
- Welsh dewin diviner, magician, wizard
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Latin divinare to prophesy, to divine
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Central Romance
- Italian divinare
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Western Romance
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Old French
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Middle French
- French deviner to guess, to work out, to sense, to perceive
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Middle English devinen
- English divine
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- Spanish divinar
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Proto-Indo-European *dey- reinterpreted root
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Proto-Indo-European *déynos day
- Albanian din to dawn
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Balto-Slavic
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Baltic
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East Baltic
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Lithuanian dienà day, daytime, time, era
- Lithuanian penktadienis Friday
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Slavic *dьnь day
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East Slavic
- Russian день denʹ day, daytime, afternoon
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South Slavic
- Old Church Slavonic ⰴⱐⱀⱐ / дьнь dĭnĭ day
- Serbo-Croatian дан / dan day
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West Slavic
- Polish dzień day, daytime
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Germanic *tīnaz day
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Germanic *langatīnaz spring lit. "long-days"
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West Germanic
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Old English lencten / lenten spring, Lent
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Middle English
- English Lenten / Lent
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Old High German lengizin / lenzin / lenzo spring
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Middle High German lenze
- German Lenz spring
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Indo-Iranian
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Indo-Aryan *dinám day
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Sanskrit 𑀤𑀺𑀦 diná day
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Magadhi
- Bengali din day
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Sauraseni
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Madhya Sauraseni
- Hindi दिन din day, time
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Pahari
- Punjabi ਦਿਨ din day
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- Telugu దినము dinamu day, daytime
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Italic *dinos
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Latin -din-
- Latin nūndinus market-day [2]
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Proto-Indo-European *déyyos day
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Celtic *dīyos day
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Brythonic *dið
- Breton deiz day
- Cornish dydh day
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Middle Welsh dyð day
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Welsh dydd day
- Welsh dydd Mercher Wednesday
- Welsh dydd Sul Sunday
- Welsh dydd Mawrth Tuesday
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Old Irish día day
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Middle Irish
- Irish dia day (archaic)
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Celtic *dīyūi on (this) day, of the day
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Old Irish
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Middle Irish
- Irish Dé on (of a day of the week)
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Celtic *so dīyūi at this day, today
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Brythonic
- Breton hiziv / hiziw today
- Cornish hedhyw today
- Welsh heddiw today
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Proto-Indo-European *dyewp- root extension
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Indo-Iranian
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Indo-Aryan
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Sanskrit 𑀤𑀻𑀧𑁆 dīp to blaze, to glow, to illuminate
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Sanskrit दीपः dīpaḥ lamp, light
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Sauraseni 𑀤𑀻𑀯 dīva
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Madhya Sauraseni
- Hindi दिया diyā light, lamp
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- Hindi दीप dīp lamp, light
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Sanskrit 𑀤𑀻𑀧𑀓 dīpakaḥ
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Hindi दीपक dīpak lamp, light, personal name: Lamp
- English Deepak
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Sanskrit दीपावलिः dīpāvaliḥ row of lights, illumination, Diwali
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Maharashtri
- Marathi दिवाळी divāḷī Diwali
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Sauraseni
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Madhya Sauraseni
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Hindi दिवाली divālī Diwali
- English Diwali
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Pahari
- Punjabi ਦਿਵਾਲੀ divālī Diwali
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- Telugu దీపావళి dīpāvaḷi row of lights, Diwali
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Visual
Collected English words
Devanagari, Word Family Friday, Dominic, Zeus, Zeno, Zeno's paradox, zenosyne, Zenobius, Zenobia, Zenobia, Dioscuri, Dionysus, Denis, Tennison, carpe diem, diary, circadian, a.m., p.m., meridian, Jove, adjourn, sojourn, sojourn, journal, diurnal, journey, the Dagda, Jupiter, Dione, Juglans, juglans, Tuesday, Tiwaz, daeva, joss, joss stick, deity, diva, divine, divine, Lenten, Deepak, Diwali, Dianthus, Friday, creed, credo, Diocletian, deus ex machina, Monday, autonomous sensory meridian response, July, Dia de los Muertos, Wednesday, Sunday, Thursday, Julius
Footnotes
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Gothic 𐍃𐌹𐌽𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 sinteins: "daily, always" (reconstructed Germanic *sintīnaz) is a compound of an unclear morpheme plus "day": "go-day"?, "old-day"?, "sense-day"?, "one's-own-day"?
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Latin nūndinus is literally, "nine-day", meaning what we would describe as "every eight days", because Latin counts days inclusively on both sides.