Introduction

June is for Justice. Justice is Life. ✊🏿✊🏽✊🏼 🏳️‍🌈🏳️‍⚧️

Teaser

hygiene, forever, not, age, eternal, medieval, young, rejuvenate, junior, jury, injury, prejudice, justice

Full Text

• Proto-Indo-European *h₂ey- life, age, vital, eternal

  • Proto-Indo-European *h₂óyu

    • Old Armenian այո ayo yes "on my life??"

      • Armenian այո ayo yes
    • Indo-Iranian *Hā́yu lifetime, life

      • Indo-Aryan *Hā́yu

        • Sanskrit 𑀆𑀬𑀼 ā́yu age, life, lifespan

          • Pali āyu

            • Thai อายุ aa-yú age, life, lifespan
          • Telugu ఆయువు āyuvu age, lifetime
        • Sanskrit 𑀆𑀬𑀼𑀲𑁆 ā́yus alive, life, health, lifespan, world (all living things)
        • Sanskrit 𑀆𑀬𑀼𑀭𑁆𑀯𑁂𑀤 āyurveda science of health, Ayurveda

          • Hindi आयुर्वेद āyurved Ayurveda
          • English Ayurveda
      • Iranian *Hā́yu

        • Avestan 𐬁𐬌𐬌𐬏 āiiū life, time, lifetime
  • Proto-Indo-European *h₂eywestom

    • Celtic *aiwestom age, lifetime, era

      • Brythonic *oɨs

        • Welsh oes age, era

          • Welsh canoloesol medieval with canol: "middle" from canalis
      • Brythonic *oɨd

        • Welsh oed age
      • Old Irish áes age, years, era, lifetime

        • Irish aois age, life expectancy, old age, era, century

          • Irish meánaoiseach medieval
  • Proto-Indo-European *h₂yugʷih₃s long life ^[1]

    • Germanic *ajukiz eternal, long lasting

      • West Germanic

        • Old English ēċe perpetual, eternal, ever-lasting
      • Germanic *ajukidūþiz eternity

        • East Germanic

          • Gothic 𐌰𐌾𐌿𐌺𐌳𐌿𐌸𐍃 ajukduþs eternity
    • Hellenic

      • Classical Greek ὑγιής hugiḗs healthy, strong, wholesome

        • Classical Greek ὑγιεινή hugieinḗ healthy practices, promoting health

          • French hygiène hygiene

            • English hygiene
    • Indo-Iranian

      • Iranian

        • Avestan 𐬫𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬈-𐬘𐬍- yauuae-jī living forever
        • Western Iranian

          • Northwestern Iranian

            • Parthian yāwēd eternal

              • Old Armenian յաւէժ yawēž eternal, always

                • Armenian հավերժ haverž perpetual, eternal, undying
    • Italic

      • Latin iūgis continual, perpetual, ever-flowing (water)
    • Proto-Indo-European *Hyeh₂gʷ- youth, vigor possibly a re-analyzed root from the noun *h₂yugʷih₃-s

      • Proto-Indo-European *Hyeh₂gʷ(e)ti is youthful, is vigorous root imperfective

        • Balto-Slavic *jḗˀgtei to be vigorous, to be capable

          • East Baltic

            • Latvian jēgt to be able to, to know how to, to understand
            • East Baltic

              • Lithuanian jėgà power, force
            • Slavic

              • East Slavic

                • Russian я́глый jáglyj vigorous, energetic
      • Proto-Indo-European *Hyeh₂gʷeh₂

        • Balto-Slavic *jḗˀgāˀ capacity, power
        • Hellenic

          • Classical Greek ἥβη hḗbē youth, vigor

            • Greek ήβη ívi puberty
            • Classical Greek Ἥβη Hḗbē Divinity of Youth
            • Classical Greek ἔφηβος éphēbos adolescent, young soldier in training

              • Greek έφηβος éfivos teenager
              • Latin ephēbus a youth, especially a Greek youth

                • English ephebe
              • Ottoman Turkish افه efe

                • Turkish efe older brother, a brave man, a man with rough manners
      • Proto-Indo-European *Hyéh₂gʷus young, youthful

        • Proto-Indo-European *Hyéh₂gʷyōs younger comparative

          • Italic *jeɣʷjōs

            • Oscan 𐌉𐌄𐌝𐌉𐌔 ieíis the Younger? descendant of the Youth? (a Samnite family name) ^[2]

              • Latin Iegius
        • Proto-Indo-European *Hih₂gʷyos of the youth denominal adjective

          • Italic *iɣʷjos

            • Oscan 𐌉𐌄𐌝𐌉𐌔 ieíis the Younger? descendant of the Youth? (a Samnite family name) ^[2]

              • Latin Iegius
  • Proto-Indo-European *h₂oyus

    • Germanic *aiwaz long time, age, eternity, law?

      • East Germanic

        • Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍅𐍃 aiws lifetime, eternity
        • Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍅 aiw always
      • North Germanic

        • Old Norse ey always, ever

          • Icelandic æ always, forever
          • Scots aye ever, always
      • West Germanic

        • Old English ā ever, always

          • Old English ā in feorh

            • Old English ǣfre ever contraction

              • English ever

                • English forever
                • English however
            • Old English ne ā in feorh not ever in life, not on your life

              • Old English nǣfre never contraction

                • English never
          • Old English ne ā not ever

            • Old English nā not, no, never contraction

              • English no
            • Old English ne ā in feorh not ever in life, not on your life

              • Old English nǣfre never contraction

                • English never
        • Frankish *ēwa

          • Dutch eeuw century, very long time, eternity

            • Dutch middeleeuws medieval
        • West Germanic *aiwwiht anything lit. "ever a thing"

          • Old English āwiht anything, at all

            • English aught
          • Frankish

            • Old Dutch iowiht

              • Dutch iets something, anything
          • West Germanic *naiwwiht nothing lit. "not ever a thing"

            • Old English nāht nought, nothing

              • English naught
              • English nought
              • English not
            • Frankish

              • Dutch niets nothing
            • Old High German nieht

              • German nicht not, non
            • West Germanic *naiwwihtig having, doing, or being nothing, nothing-y

              • Old English

                • English naughty
              • Frankish

                • Dutch nietig insignificant, void, annulled
              • Old High German

                • German nichtig void, invalid, trivial, empty
      • Finnic *aika time

        • Estonian aeg time, period, duration, tense
        • Finnish aika time, moment, appointment

          • Finnish aikuinen adult lit. "thing made from time"
      • Germanic *aiwīgaz eternal, long-lasting

        • West Germanic

          • Frankish *ēwig

            • Dutch eeuwig eternal
          • Old High German ēwig

            • German ewig eternal, everlasting
            • Yiddish אייביק eybik eternal
      • Germanic *aiwahaftaz true, honorable, lawful lit. "long-holding"

        • West Germanic

          • Frankish

            • Dutch echt authentic, true, real, marriage, truly
          • Old High German ēhaft
          • Old Saxon *ēhaft

            • Low German echt
            • German echt authentic, true, proper
            • Danish ægte true, right

              • Icelandic ekta real, genuine
      • Germanic *Aiwarīks Eternal-King or Forever-Rich (personal name)

        • East Germanic

          • Gothic *Aiwareiks

            • Latin Eurichus

              • Western Romance

                • Spanish Eurico
              • English Euric
        • North Germanic

          • Old Norse Eiríkr

            • Danish Erik
            • Icelandic Eiríkur
            • English Eric
    • Hellenic *aiwei

      • Classical Greek ᾱ̓εί āeí always, forever

        • Greek αεί aeí always, forever
    • Italic *aiwom

      • Latin aevum time, eternity, lifetime, age, generation

        • Central Romance

          • Italian evo era, long time
        • Latin aetās era, term, duration, lifetime

          • Central Romance

            • Italian età age, era, period
          • Western Romance

            • Old French aé age
            • Spanish edad age, duration

              • Tagalog edad age
          • Vulgar Latin *aetāticum age

            • Western Romance

              • Old French aage age

                • French âge age
                • English age
        • Latin aeternus permanent, eternal, immortal

          • Central Romance

            • Italian eterno eternal, eternity
          • Western Romance

            • Spanish eterno eternal
          • Latin aeternālis

            • Western Romance

              • French éternel

                • English eternal
          • Latin aeternitās

            • French éternité

              • English eternity
        • Latin longaevus ancient, of great age

          • Latin longaevitās long life

            • English longevity
        • New Latin medium aevum middle ages

          • English medieval
    • Proto-Indo-European *h₂oyuHō

      • Hellenic

        • Classical Greek αἰών aiṓn lifetime, generation, era, eternity

          • Greek αιώνας aiónas century, era, eon, eternity
          • Latin aeōn age, eternity
          • English (a)eon
    • Proto-Indo-European *h₂yéwHō young

      • Indo-Iranian *HyúHā youthful, young

        • Indo-Aryan *HyúHā

          • Sanskrit 𑀬𑀼𑀯𑀦𑁆 yúvan young, strong, healthy, good, a youth

            • Hindi युवा yuvā young

              • Hindi युवावस्था yuvāvasthā youth
            • Telugu యువ yuva young
        • Iranian *HyúHā

          • Avestan 𐬫𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬥 yuuan
          • Northern Iranian

            • Saka

              • Khotani jvā
            • Scythian

              • Ossetian иуонуг iwonug young bull
          • Pashto ځوان źwā́n young, a young person
          • Western Iranian

            • Northwestern Iranian

              • Kurdish ciwan young, beauty
            • Old Persian

              • Persian جوان ǰawān young, young person

                • Hindi जवान javān young, young person, soldier
      • Proto-Indo-European *h₂yéwHnos

        • Balto-Slavic *jauˀnás young

          • East Baltic

            • Lithuanian jáunas young
          • Slavic *jȗnъ young

            • East Slavic

              • Russian ю́ный júnyj young, juvenile
            • South Slavic

              • Old Church Slavonic юнъ junŭ young
      • Proto-Indo-European *h₂yuHn̥ḱós

        • Celtic *yowankos

          • Brythonic *jowank

            • Welsh ieuanc young, juvenile, unmarried
            • Welsh ifanc young, juvenile
          • Gaulish Iouinca Young (personal name)

            • Gaulish Ioincorix Young-King (personal name)
          • Old Irish óc young, young man, warrior

            • Irish óg
            • Old Irish Tír inna n-Óc Land of the Young, Tír na nÓg (mythical place)

              • Irish Tír na nÓg

                • English Tir na Nog
        • Germanic *jungaz young

          • East Germanic

            • Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍃 juggs young
          • North Germanic

            • Old Norse ungr young

              • Danish ung young
              • Icelandic ungur young
          • West Germanic

            • Old English ġeong

              • English young
              • Scots yung
            • Frankish

              • Dutch jong young, new
            • Old High German jung

              • German jung young

                • German Junge boy
                • German Jung

                  • English Jungian
              • Yiddish יונג yung young
        • Indo-Iranian *HyuHaćás

          • Indo-Aryan

            • Sanskrit 𑀬𑀼𑀯𑀰 yuvaśá young
        • Italic *juwenkos

          • Latin iuvencus young, young man, young bull

            • Central Romance

              • Italian giovenco young bull
            • Eastern Romance

              • Romanian junc young bull
          • Umbrian 𐌉𐌖𐌄𐌍𐌂𐌀𐌓 iuengar young cows
      • Proto-Indo-European *h₂yuHn̥téh₂ youngness, youth state of being

        • Germanic *jundō

          • East Germanic

            • Gothic *junds? youth

              • Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹 jundai in youth locative
        • Indo-Iranian *HyuHatáH

          • Indo-Aryan

            • Sanskrit 𑀬𑀼𑀯𑀢𑀸 yuvatā́ youth
        • Italic *juwentā

          • Latin iuventa youth
      • Proto-Indo-European *h₂yúHn̥tis youngness, youth abstract noun

        • Germanic *jugunþiz youth

          • West Germanic

            • Old English ġeoguþ youth

              • English youth
            • Frankish *juguth

              • Dutch jeugd youth
            • Old High German jugund

              • German Jugend youth
              • Yiddish יוגנט yugnt youth
        • Indo-Iranian

          • Indo-Aryan

            • Sanskrit 𑀬𑀼𑀯𑀢𑀺 yuvatí young woman, girl

              • Pali 𑀬𑀼𑀯𑀢𑀻 yuvatī

                • Khmer យុវតី yuvĕəʼdəy young woman
              • Sauraseni 𑀚𑀼𑀯𑀇 juvaï

                • Romani ʒuvli woman, lady
              • Hindi युवती yuvtī young woman, damsel
              • Telugu యువతి yuvati young woman
      • Proto-Indo-European *h₂yuHónis

        • Italic *juwenis young

          • Latin iuvenis young, young person

            • Central Romance

              • Italian giovane young, young person
            • Eastern Romance

              • Aromanian gioni young, brave, young person, hero
              • Romanian june
            • Western Romance

              • French jeune young, young person
            • Latin iuvenēscere I grow young (again)

              • English rejuvenate
            • Latin iūnior younger

              • English junior
            • Latin iuvenīlis youthful, juvenile

              • Central Romance

                • Italian giovanile young, early
              • English juvenile
            • Latin Iūnō Divinity of Women, Life Force, and Youth

              • English Juno
              • Latin iūnius (month) of Juno, June

                • Central Romance

                  • Italian giugno June
                • Western Romance

                  • French juin June

                    • English June
                    • Haitian Creole jen June
                    • Persian ژوئن žu'an June
                  • Spanish junio June

                    • Tagalog Hunyo June
                • Koine Greek Ῐ̓ούνῐος Ioúnios

                  • Greek Ιούνιος Ioúnios June
                  • Old Armenian յունիս yunis June

                    • Armenian հունիս hunis June
                  • Old Church Slavonic июнии ijunii June

                    • Russian ию́нь ijúnʹ June
    • Proto-Indo-European *h₂yew- justice, law new root formed by re-analysis

      • Proto-Indo-European *h₂yeweseh₂ye-ti

        • Italic *jowezāō I swear an oath

          • Old Latin iovesat vows, prays Duenos inscription

            • Latin iūrāre I swear an oath, I vow

              • Central Romance

                • Italian giurare to swear, to vow
              • Eastern Romance

                • Romanian a jura to swear
                • Albanian *gjëroj

                  • Albanian përgjëroj I swear
              • Western Romance

                • French jurer to swear, to promise, to curse

                  • French jureur juror lit. "swearer, oath-taker"

                    • English juror
                  • French juron swearword
                • Spanish jurar to swear, to vow, to curse
              • Latin iūrāmentum oath, vow

                • Central Romance

                  • Italian giuramento oath
                • Eastern Romance

                  • Romanian jurământ oath, vow
                • Western Romance

                  • Spanish juramento oath, sworn statement
              • Latin iūrātus on oath, sworn, having vowed

                • Central Romance

                  • Italian giurato sworn, juror
                • Eastern Romance

                  • Romanian jurat vowed, sworn, juror

                    • Romanian Jurat
                • Western Romance

                  • French juré juror

                    • English jury
                  • Spanish jurado juror, jury, referee
                • English jurat
              • Latin abiūrāre I deny an oath, I abjure

                • Central Romance

                  • Italian abiurare to abjure
                • Western Romance

                  • French abjurer to renounce, to abjure, to apostatize

                    • English abjure
                  • Spanish abjurar to abjure
              • Latin coniūrāre to swear together, to unite by oath, to conspire

                • Central Romance

                  • Italian congiurare to conspire, to plot
                • Western Romance

                  • French conjurer to beseech, to conspire, to ward off, to conjure (magic)

                    • English conjure
                  • Spanish conjurar to conspire, to conjure (magic), to excorcise, to avert, to get together
              • Latin periūrāre I swear falsely, I perjure myself or peierāre

                • Central Romance

                  • Italian spergiurare to commit perjury
                • Western Romance

                  • French parjurer

                    • English perjure
                  • Spanish perjurar to perjure, to re-swear
      • Proto-Indo-European *h₂yéwos

        • Germanic

          • West Germanic

            • Old English ǣ law, marriage
            • Old High German ēwa

              • German Ehe marriage
        • Indo-Iranian *Hyáwš

          • Indo-Aryan *Hyáwṣ

            • Sanskrit 𑀬𑁄𑀲𑁆 yós welfare, health, happiness
          • Iranian *Hyáwš

            • Avestan 𐬫𐬀𐬊𐬱 yaoš lifetime
        • Italic

          • Latin iūs law, right, court of law

            • Central Romance

              • Italian giure law, jurisprudence
            • Western Romance

              • Spanish juro ownership
            • Medieval Latin iūrisprūdentia expertise in law, jurisprudence

              • English jurisprudence
            • Latin iniūria wrongdoing, offense, slander, injury lit. "not-law"

              • Western Romance

                • French injure offense, insult

                  • English injury
            • Latin iūdicāre I judge, I pass judgment, I proclaim, I determine, I condemn lit. "I speak law"

              • Central Romance

                • Italian giudicare to judge
              • Eastern Romance

                • Romanian a judeca to judge
              • Western Romance

                • French juger to judge, to try, to deem

                  • French jugement

                    • English judgement
                • Spanish juzgar to judge, to try, to consider
              • English judicate
              • Latin iūdicium judgment, opinion, decision, trial

                • Central Romance

                  • Italian giudizio judgment, wisdom, trial, opinion, assessment
                • Eastern Romance

                  • Romanian județ county, jurisdiction
                • Western Romance

                  • Spanish juicio trial, verdict, opinion, good judgment
                • Latin praeiūdicium prejudgment, precedent, example

                  • French préjudice harm, damage

                    • English prejudice
                  • Italian pregiudizio prejudice, bias, detriment
                  • Spanish perjuicio detriment
                  • Spanish prejuicio prejudice
              • Latin iūrisdictiō jurisdiction

                • English jurisdiction
              • Latin iūdex judge, umpire, juror "law speaker"

                • Central Romance

                  • Italian giudice judge, magistrate, umpire
                • Eastern Romance

                  • Romanian jude prince (minor ruler)
                • Western Romance

                  • French juge judge, referee

                    • English judge
                  • Spanish juez judge, umpire, referee
      • Proto-Indo-European *h₂yewdʰos

        • Celtic *yowdos

          • Brythonic *jʉð judge, lord

            • Brythonic *Jʉðonerθ Lord-Strength (personal name)

              • Welsh Idnerth
            • Brythonic *Grifujʉð Griffin?-Lord (personal name)

              • Welsh Gruffudd

                • English Griffith
            • Brythonic *Mọrjʉð Great?-Lord (personal name)

              • Welsh Maredudd

                • English Meredith
      • Proto-Indo-European *h₂yewestos

        • Italic *jowestos

          • Latin iūstus just, righteous, legal

            • Latin iūstitia justice, fairness

              • French justice

                • English justice
                • Italian giustizia
              • Spanish justicia

Visual

Collected English words

Ayurveda, hygiene, ephebe, ever, forever, however, never, no, aught, naught, nought, not, naughty, Euric, Eric, age, eternal, eternity, longevity, medieval, (a)eon, Tir na Nog, young, Jungian, youth, rejuvenate, junior, juvenile, Juno, June, juror, jury, jurat, abjure, conjure, perjure, jurisprudence, injury, judgement, judicate, prejudice, jurisdiction, judge, Griffith, Meredith, justice

Footnotes

1. ^

   *h₂yugʷih₃-s: "long life" (hygiene, etc.) is a compound of *h₂ey- plus *gʷeyh₃-: "to live" (a href="/word-family-quick.html""quick", "vivus", "bio-"/a)

   Germanic *ajukiz is definitely derived from *h₂yu-, but only tentatively derived from *h₂yugʷih₃-s, as a possible explanation for the presence of the -k-.

2. ^

   The Oscan -ieíis—and the Latinization Iegius (compare ​​Magius from Oscan Maius)—while appearing to be a family name (nomen gentilicium) in context, may originally mean "the Younger", "Junior" to distinguish a man who had the same name as his father. The attested Oscan -ieíis does indeed seem to have had the same name as his father: Minius Iegius, son of Minius or possibly Minatus Leguis, son of Minatus.

   Or it may be more similar to familiar Latin nomina, and be equivalent to Italic *-ios—a denominal adjective—instead of *-iōs, a comparative; in which case probably a descendant of someone called the equivalent of Latin Iegus, possibly originally a nickname: "Youth".