May theme: kinship terms 👨‍👩‍👧‍👧

Teaser

female, doe, filial, Tethys, daughter

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• Teaser: female, doe, filial, Tethys, daughter
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• Proto-Indo-European *dʰewgʰ- to produce, to be strong, to be fruitful, to give milk

  • Proto-Indo-European *dʰéwgʰ-ti primary verb form

    • Hellenic

      • Ancient Greek τεύχω teúkhō
    • Indo-Iranian *dáwgdʰi to milk

      • Iranian *dáwgdi

        • Western Iranian

          • Kurdish doşîn to milk
          • Old Persian

            • Persian دوشیدن dušidan to milk
        • Iranian *dáwgah buttermilk

          • Western Iranian

            • Kurdish dew
            • Old Persian

              • Persian دوغ duğ buttermilk, doogh (yogurt drink)

                • English doogh
  • Proto-Indo-European *dʰunégʰ-ti imperfective

    • Hellenic

      • Ancient Greek τυγχάνω tunkhánō to happen to be (doing), to succeed at (doing)
  • Proto-Indo-European *dʰedʰówgʰe to be productive reduplicated stative

    • Germanic *duganą to be useful, to avail

      • East Germanic

        • Gothic

          • Ostrogothic 𐌳𐌿𐌲𐌰𐌽 dugan to be useful, to be of value, to be suitable
      • North Germanic

        • Old Norse duga to help, to suffice

          • Danish du to be good, to be fit
          • Icelandic duga to suffice, to be fit
      • West Germanic

        • Old English dūgan to be of use, to serve, to be fit

          • Scots dow to be of use, to be of value
        • Frankish *dugan

          • Dutch deugen to be good, to be well-behaved, to be of good quality
      • Germanic *dugan-ne-wiht good-for-nothing lit. "useful-not-thing"

        • North Germanic

          • Old Norse

            • Danish døgenigt lazy person
        • West Germanic

          • Frankish

            • Dutch deugniet good-for-nothing, rascal, knave
          • Old High German

            • German Taugenichts good-for-nothing
      • Germanic *dugunþō usefulness, ability, strength, virtue

        • North Germanic

          • Old Norse dygð

            • Danish dyd virtue, chastity
            • Icelandic dyggð virtue
        • West Germanic

          • Old English duguþ prosperity, benefit, host of warriors

            • English dought strength, virtue, manhood, men collectively, an army or retinue

              • English doughty
            • Scots douth reliability, shelter, comfort
          • Frankish *dugeth

            • Dutch deugd virtue
          • Old High German tungundi

            • German Tugend virtue
    • Indo-Iranian

      • Indo-Aryan

        • Sanskrit दुदोह dudóha grain?, produce?
  • Proto-Indo-European *dʰewgʰo-s

    • Hellenic

      • Ancient Greek τεῦχος teûkhos tool, container, vessel
  • Proto-Indo-European *dʰugʰ-tós adjective

    • Indo-Iranian *dugdʰás milk

      • Indo-Aryan

        • Sanskrit दुग्ध dugdhá milk, sap

          • Elu

            • Sinhala දුදු dudu
          • Magadhi

            • Bengali দুধ dudh milk, juice, latex
          • Maharashtri 𑀤𑀼𑀤𑁆𑀥 duddha

            • Marathi दूध dūdh milk, sap, emulsion
          • Pali duddha
          • Sauraseni

            • Madhya

              • Hindi दूध dūdh milk
            • Pahari

              • Nepali दूध dūdha milk, breast
              • Punjabi ਦੁੱਧ duddha milk
          • West Indo-Aryan

            • Romani thud milk
          • Tamil துத்தம் tuttam milk
  • Proto-Indo-European *dʰugʰ-nós

    • Old Armenian *dugn

      • Old Armenian յանդուգն yandugn boldly, rashly

        • Armenian հանդուգն handugn impertinent, insolent, bold
  • Proto-Indo-European *dʰugʰ-eh₂ noun

    • Hellenic *túkʰā

      • Ancient Greek τῠ́χη túkhē act of god, fate, fortune, chance

        • Greek τύχη týchi fate, chance, luck
  • Proto-Indo-European *dʰewgʰye-ti

    • Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁(y)- to suckle, to nurse re-analysis

      • Proto-Indo-European *dʰoh₁(y)éye-ti to suckle, to cause to suck causative

        • Balto-Slavic

          • Lithuanian žįsti to suckle, to nurse
          • Slavic *dojiti to give milk, to milk

            • East Slavic

              • Russian дои́ть doítʹ to milk
            • South Slavic

              • Serbo-Croatian до̀јити dòjiti to breastfeed, to suckle
            • West Slavic

              • Polish doić to milk
        • Celtic *dina-

          • Brythonic

            • Welsh denu
          • Old Irish denaid
        • Germanic *dajjaną to suck, to suckle

          • East Germanic

            • Gothic

              • Ostrogothic 𐌳𐌰𐌳𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 daddjan to suckle
          • North Germanic

            • Old Norse *deggja

              • Danish dægge to suckle
              • English dug
          • West Germanic

            • Old English dēon to suck
            • Old High German tāen to suck
        • Indo-Iranian

          • Indo-Aryan

            • Sanskrit धयति dháyati to suck, to suckle, to drink, to absorb
      • Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁m̥néh₂ milk-giving?

        • Indo-Iranian

          • Indo-Aryan

            • Sanskrit धेनु dhénu milk cow
          • Iranian

            • East Iranian

              • Avestan daēnu female
        • Italic *fēmanā

          • Latin fēmina woman, wife, female, feminine

            • Eastern Romance

              • Romanian famen eunuch
            • Western Romance

              • French femme woman, wife

                • English femme
              • Italian femmina female
              • Spanish hembra female
            • Latin fēmella young girl, young woman diminutive

              • English female
            • Latin fēminīnus feminine

              • English feminine
      • Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁(y)tus noun

        • Italic

          • Latin fētus/fēta pregnant, fruitful, young, offspring, fruit

            • Eastern Romance

              • Romanian făt fetus, young boy
              • Romanian fată girl, daughter
            • Western Romance

              • French faon fawn

                • English fawn
            • English fetus
            • French fœtus fetus
            • Italian feto fetus
            • Spanish feto fetus
      • Proto-Indo-European *dʰéh₁(y)ō noun

        • Germanic *dajjǭ female deer

          • West Germanic

            • Old English dā female deer, doe

              • English doe
              • Scots da(e) doe
            • Old High German *tē

              • German Tē doe dialectic
      • Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁(y)tis noun

        • Balto-Slavic

          • Slavic *dětь child

            • Slavic *dě̄tę̀ child diminutive

              • East Slavic

                • Russian дитя́ ditjá child, baby, kid poetic
              • South Slavic

                • Serbo-Croatian де́те déte child, kid
              • West Slavic

                • Polish dziecię child poetic

                  • Polish dziecko child additional diminutive
      • Proto-Indo-European ?

        • Balto-Slavic

          • Slavic *děvìca maiden, girl

            • East Slavic

              • Russian деви́ца devíca damsel, maiden, girl
            • South Slavic

              • Serbo-Croatian дјѐвица djèvica virgin, maiden, girl
            • West Slavic

              • Polish dziewica maiden, virgin
      • Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁(y)lu-s

        • Hellenic

          • Ancient Greek θῆλυς thêlus female, feminine
      • Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁léh₂ nipple, teat

        • Old Armenian դալ dal colostrum

          • Armenian դալ dal colostrum
        • Celtic *dilā teat

          • Old Irish

            • Irish dilu
        • Germanic *delō nipple

          • North Germanic

            • Old Norse dilkr

              • Swedish del
          • West Germanic

            • Old English delu nipple, teat
            • Old High German tila
        • Hellenic

          • Ancient Greek θηλή thēlḗ nipple, teat, head of a pole

            • Greek θηλή thilí nipple, teat
      • Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁(y)lwih₂k-s

        • Italic *fēlīks

          • Latin fēlīx happy, blessed, fruitful, lucky, prosperous

            • Eastern Romance

              • Romanian ferice happy archaic
            • Western Romance

              • Italian felice happy
              • Spanish feliz happy, pleased, innocent
            • Latin fēlīcitās frutifulness, fetility, happiness, success, good fortune

              • Western Romance

                • French félicité bliss, happiness, felicity

                  • English felicity
                • Italian felicità happiness
                • Spanish felicidad felicity, happiness
            • Latin Fēlīx

              • English Felix
              • Latin Fēlīcius

                • Latin Fēlīcianus
                • Latin Fēlīcia

                  • English Felicia
      • Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁(y)lio-s suckler, sucker

        • Balto-Slavic

          • Latvian dēls son
          • Lithuanian dėlė leech
        • Italic *feiljos

          • Latin fīlius son, male descendant, children

            • Sardinian fillu son
            • Eastern Romance

              • Romanian fiu son
            • Western Romance

              • Old French fi(l)s

                • French fils son, male descendant, Jr.
                • English Fitz-
              • Italian figlio child, son
              • Spanish hijo son, child

                • Tagalog iho boy
                • Spanish hidalgo noble, nobleman lit. "son of something"

                  • Spanish Hidalgo surname and placename esp. after Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla

                    • English Hidalgo
            • Latin fīlia daughter, female descendant

              • Sardinian filla daughter
              • Eastern Romance

                • Romanian fie daughter
              • Western Romance

                • French fille girl, daughter
                • Italian figlia daughter
                • Spanish hija daughter
            • Latin fīliālis filial, pertaining to a son or daughter

              • English filial
            • Latin affīliāre to adopt (as a son)

              • English affiliate
            • Latin fīliaster stepson, son-in-law, nephew

              • Sardinian fidhastru
              • Eastern Romance

                • Romanian fiastru stepson archaic
              • Western Romance

                • Italian figliastro stepson, stepchild
                • Spanish hijastro stepchild, stepson
              • Albanian thjeshtër stepson, stepchild
      • Proto-Indo-European *dʰeh₁(y)léh₂ye-ti iterative/intensive/causative

        • Italic

          • Latin fellō I suck, I fellate

            • English fellate
      • Proto-Indo-European *dʰédʰh₁i

        • Albanian djathë cheese
        • Indo-Iranian *dʰádʰHi

          • Indo-Aryan

            • Sanskrit दधि dádhi sour milk, curd

              • Magadhi

                • Bengali দই dôi curd, yogurt
              • Maharashtri

                • Marathi दही dahī curd, yogurt
              • Sauraseni

                • Madhya

                  • Hindi दही dahī curd, yogurt
                • Pahari

                  • Punjabi ਦਹੀਂ dahī̃ yogurt
      • Proto-Indo-European ?

        • Hellenic

          • Ancient Greek τήθη tḗthē grandmother

            • Ancient Greek Τηθῡ́ς Tēthū́s Tethys, divinity of fresh water

              • Greek Τηθύς Tithýs
              • Latin Tethys

                • English Tethys
      • Proto-Indo-European ?

        • Indo-Iranian

          • Iranian

            • Kurdish dayik mother
            • Old Persian

              • Persian دایه dâye nurse, foster mother, midwife
              • Old Armenian դայեակ dayeak nurse, wet-nurse, midwife, tutor

                • Armenian դայակ dayak nanny, nurse
      • Proto-Indo-European ?

        • Italic

          • Latin fēcundus fertile, fruitful, productive, imaginative

            • English fecund
      • Proto-Indo-European *dʰugh₂tḗr daughter Pre-Proto-Indo-European: "suckler, infant"

        • Anatolian

          • Hittite

            • Hittite 𒁺𒌓𒋻𒊑𒄿𒀀𒋾𒄿𒀀𒀸 duttariyatiyas of the daughter only attested as genitive
        • Armenian

          • Old Armenian դուստր dustr

            • Armenian դուստր dustr
        • Balto-Slavic *duktē

          • Lithuanian duktė
          • Slavic *dъťi

            • East Slavic

              • Russian дочь dočʹ
            • South Slavic

              • Serbo-Croatian кћи̑ kćȋ
            • West Slavic

              • Old Polish dca

                • Polish córka
            • Finnic *tüt'är

              • Finnish tytär
        • Celtic *duxtīr

          • Celtiberian tuateros only attested in genitive
          • Gaulish duxtīr
          • Old Irish Der-

            • Old Irish Derdriu

              • Irish Deirdre

                • English Deirdre
            • Old Irish Deirbhile
            • Old Irish Deirbhaíl
        • Germanic *duhtēr

          • East Germanic

            • Gothic

              • Ostrogothic 𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐌰𐍂 dauhtar
          • North Germanic ᛞᛟᚺᛏᚱᛁᛉ dohtriz attested as plural

            • Old Norse dóttir

              • Danish datter
              • Icelandic dóttir
          • West Germanic

            • Old English dohtor

              • English daughter
              • Scots dochter
            • Frankish dohter

              • Dutch dochter
            • Old High German tohter

              • German Tochter
              • Yiddish טאָכטער> tokhter
        • Hellenic tʰugatēr

          • Mycenaean Greek 𐀶𐀏𐀳 tu-ka-te
          • Ancient Greek θυγάτηρ thugátēr daughter, female slave, maidservant

            • Greek θυγατέρα thygatéra daughter (archaic)
        • Indo-Iranian *dʰugʰdʰā

          • Indo-Aryan *dʰúhitā

            • Dardic

              • Kashmiri čhu
            • Sanskrit दुहितृ dúhitṛ

              • Elu

                • Sinhala දුව duwa
              • Magadhi

                • Assamese দুহীতা duhita
              • Maharashtri

                • Old Marathi धुवा dhuvā
              • Sauraseni 𑀥𑀻𑀤𑀸 dhīdā

                • Madhya

                  • Hindi धिया dhiyā
                • Pahari

                  • Punjabi ਧੀ dhī
              • Pali duhitā

                • Khmer ធីតា thiidaa daughter, girl formal
              • Hindi दुहितृ duhitŕ reborrowing
              • Telugu దుహిత duhita
          • Iranian *dugdā

            • East Iranian

              • Avestan dugədar
              • Pashto لور lur
            • Western Iranian

              • Kurdish do- daughter (in compounds)

                • Kurdish domam uncle's daughter, cousin
              • Old Persian *duxçī

                • Persian دختر doxtar
        • Italic *fuɣtēr

          • Oscan 𐌚𐌖𐌕𐌝𐌓 futír only attested as dative
        • Tocharian *täkā́cër

          • Arshian ckācar
          • Kuchean tkācer
        • Proto-Indo-European *dʰugh₂tḗr dyēws daughter of Dyeus

          • Hellenic

            • Homeric Greek Διὸς θυγάτηρ dios thugatēr daughter of Zeus Aphrodite, Helen
          • Indo-Iranian

            • Indo-Aryan

              • Vedic Sanskrit दुहिता दिव duhitā́ diváḥ Daughter of the Sky Ushas

Visual

Collected English words

doogh, dought, doughty, dug, femme, female, feminine, fawn, fetus, doe, felicity, Felix, Felicia, Fitz-, Hidalgo, filial, affiliate, fellate, Tethys, fecund, Deirdre, daughter