June theme: Domestic Animals 🐕
Introduction
Proto-Indo-European has *gʷṓws: "cow, cattle" and possible *woḱéh₂: "(female) cow".
And some other likely descendants of (the same?) Central Asian substrate words for "cattle": Sino-Tibetan *ŋwa: "cattle, ox", West Semitic *baḳar-: "cattle, ox"
Teaser
cow,
butter,
botany,
beef,
vaccine
Full Text
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? Central Asian substrate?, a kind of bovid??
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Northeast Caucasian *bVc̣V young goat, male goat, buck
- Avar боцӏи boc̣i cattle
- Chechen бож bož goat, male goat
- Lak бухца buxca young goat, kid
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Mongolic *bugu stag
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Middle Mongolian ᠪᠣᠭᠣ boɣo
- Mongolian буга deer, reindeer
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Turkic *buka bull
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Vietic *bɔː bovine, zebu
- Vietnamese bò zebu, (straight-horned) bovine
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Proto-Indo-European *buǵ- male goat, buck
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Proto-Indo-European *būǵos
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Old Armenian բուծ buc young sheep
- Armenian բուծ buc young sheep, young goat
- Georgian ბუწი buc̣i young sheep
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Indo-Iranian *buȷ́ás goat
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Iranian *bujáh goat
- Avestan 𐬠𐬏𐬰𐬀 būza male goat, goat
- Pashto اوز wuz uz goat
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Scythian
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Western Iranian
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Northwestern Iranian
- Kurdish bizin goat
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Medean *buzə́h goat
- Elamite 𒁍𒍝 bu-za
- Persian بز boz goat
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Thracian *byzas
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Classical Greek Βύζας Býzas
- Classical Greek Βυζάντιον Byzántion
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Proto-Indo-European *buǵkos
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Celtic *bukkos goat
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Brythonic *bux
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Gaulish *bukkos
- Latin Buccos personal name, probably Gaulish
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Medieval Latin buccus male goat
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Western Romance
- Catalan boc male goat
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Old French buc male goat
- French bouc male goat, goatee
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Old French bouchier butcher literally, "goat-er"
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Middle French bouchier / boucher
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Middle English bocher / bochier / buccher
- English butcher
- Irish búistéir butcher
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Sicilian bucceri butcher
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Old Irish bocc male goat
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Germanic *bukkaz male goat
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Celtic *bukkos goat
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Brythonic *bux
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Gaulish *bukkos
- Latin Buccos personal name, probably Gaulish
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Medieval Latin buccus male goat
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Western Romance
- Catalan boc male goat
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Old French buc male goat
- French bouc male goat, goatee
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Old French bouchier butcher literally, "goat-er"
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Middle French bouchier / boucher
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Middle English bocher / bochier / buccher
- English butcher
- Irish búistéir butcher
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Sicilian bucceri butcher
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Old Irish bocc male goat
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North Germanic
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Old Norse bukkr male goat, male deer
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Old East Norse
- Danish buk male goat, male sheep
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Old Swedish bukker
- Swedish bock male goat, male deer, sawhorse
- Finnish pukki male goat, male deer, sawhorse
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Old Swedish iūl-bukker
- Swedish julbock Yule Goat
- Finnish Joulupukki Santa Claus, Yule Goat
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West Germanic
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Old English bucc
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Frankish *bukk
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Medieval Latin buccus male goat
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Western Romance
- Catalan boc male goat
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Old French buc male goat
- French bouc male goat, goatee
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Old French bouchier butcher literally, "goat-er"
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Middle French bouchier / boucher
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Middle English bocher / bochier / buccher
- English butcher
- Irish búistéir butcher
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Sicilian bucceri butcher
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Middle Dutch
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Old High German bok
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Old Saxon bukk / buk
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Middle Low German buk / buck / bok
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Old Saxon *havarbukk *havarbuk
- Middle Low German haverbuk / haverbok
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Indo-Iranian *bućkas
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Indo-Aryan *bukkas
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Sanskrit 𑀩𑀼𑀓𑁆𑀓 bukka male goat
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Magadhi
- Bengali বোকা boka fool or from baka: "chatter"
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Maharashtri 𑀩𑁄𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀟 bokkaḍa
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Sauraseni
- Hindi बोका bokā goat
- Nepali बोको boko male goat, pervert
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Proto-Indo-European *buǵō
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Germanic
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North Germanic
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Old Norse bokki
- Icelandic bokki male goat, male deer, fellow
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West Germanic
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Old English bucca male goat
- English buck
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Irish poc male goat, male deer, a butt (strike from a goat), a hit in curling
- Germanic *bukkaz male goat could also be derived from levelling oblique stem *bᵘǵnés, plus Klue
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Proto-Indo-European *kápros male goat
- Celtic *gabros goat with unexplained *g-. the *-b- is regular
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Germanic *hafraz male goat, buck
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North Germanic *habraʀ
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Old Norse hafr male goat, buck
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Old West Norse
- Icelandic hafur male goat, buck
- Faroese havur male goat, buck
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West Germanic *hafr male goat, buck
- Old English hæfer male goat, buck
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Old High German *habar
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Middle High German *haber
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Middle High German *habergeist
- German Habergeiß dialectal
- Swedish avergeist
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Old Saxon *havar
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Old Saxon *havarbukk *havarbuk
- Middle Low German haverbuk / haverbok
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Finnic *kapris
- Samic *hāprēs male goat, buck
- North Germanic ᚺᛡᛒᛟᚱᚢᛗᛦ hᴀborumʀ by bucks dative plural
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Germanic *habrô goat, buck, goat-feed, oats
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North Germanic
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Old Norse hafri oat
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Old East Norse
- Danish havre oats
- Swedish havre oats
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Old West Norse
- Icelandic hafri oat
- Norn havr oats
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Middle English haver
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West Germanic *habrō oats
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Frankish *havaro
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Middle Dutch havere
- Dutch haver oats, oat grasses
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Old High German habaro
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Middle High German habere / haber
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German Haber / Hafer oats
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German Habersack / Hafersack
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French havresac haversack
- Yiddish האָבער hober oats
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Old Saxon habaro / havaro
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Middle Low German havere / haver
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Low German Haver / Hafer / Haaver oats
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German Haber / Hafer oats
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German Habersack / Hafersack
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French havresac haversack
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Low German Haaversack
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German Habersack / Hafersack
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French havresac haversack
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French havresac haversack
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Hellenic
- Classical Greek κάπρος kápros boar, male pig, especially wild
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Indo-Iranian
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Italic *kapros male goat
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Latin caper male goat
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Latin *capriōnem augmentative
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Central Romance
- Italian caprone male goat
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Western Romance
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Old French
- French chevron rafter, chevron
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Middle English cheveroun
- Spanish cabrón
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Latin capra female goat
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Central Romance
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Italian capra
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Italian capriola
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French capriole
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English capriole
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French cabriolet
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Italian caporiccio / capriccio whim, tantrum, quirk, caprice
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French caprice
- English capriccio
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Western Romance
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Old French chievre goat
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Middle French chevre goat
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French chèvre goat
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French fromage de chèvre goat cheese
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French chèvre goat cheese
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Latin caprea
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Latin capreolus
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Western Romance
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Old French chevrol roe deer
- French chevreuil roe deer
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Old French Chevrolet
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Latin Capricornus
- Umbrian 𐌊𐌀𐌐𐌓𐌖𐌌 kaprum male goat acc.
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Proto-Indo-European *kápro-??
- Celtic *kaɸerūxs *kaɸrūxs
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? Central Asian substrate?
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Vietic *bɔː bovine, zebu
- Vietnamese bò zebu, (straight-horned) bovine
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Yeniseian *kus cow, horse
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Northern Yeniseian
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Southern Yeniseian
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Arin qus horse
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Pumpokol kutt kut horse
- Pumpokol chilùn-kutt xilún-kut foal
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Xiongnu *kuti mare?
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Old Chinese 駃騠 *kʷeːd deː a kind of equine
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Middle Chinese
- Mandarin 駃騠 juétí hinny
- Japanese 駃騠 / けつてい / ケッテイ kettei hinny
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Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws cow, cattle
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Proto-Indo-European *gʷou-wr̥sēn bull
- Germanic *kursô bull, calf
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Indo-Iranian *gauwr̥šyás
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Indo-Aryan *gauwr̥šyás
- Sanskrit गोवृषः govṛṣaḥ bull
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Tocharian *kauwärṣän bull
- Arshian keyurṣ bull
- Kushean kauᵤrṣe bull
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Proto-Indo-European *ḱm̥tógʷus possessing 100 cows
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Celtic *kantobus *bukantos
- Old Irish Buchet name of a mythical cowherd
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Hellenic *hekətóngʷā
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Classical Greek ἑκατόμβη hekatómbē animal sacrifice, hecatomb, great sacrifice
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Indo-Iranian *ćatáguš
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Indo-Aryan
- Sanskrit शतगुः śataguḥ possessing a hundred cattle, wealthy
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Iranian *catáguš
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Western Iranian
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Northwestern Iranian
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Medean *Sataguš place name: Possessing a Hundred Cattle, Sattagydia
- Akkadian 𒊓𒀜𒁕𒄖𒅆 / 𒊓𒀜𒀀𒄖𒍑 sa-ad-d-gu-ši sa-at-a-gu-uš Sattagydia
- Elamite 𒊓𒀜𒆪𒆪𒆜 / 𒊓𒆪𒆪 sa-ad-da-ku-iš sa-da-ku Sattagydia
- Egyptian 𓐠𓂧𓎼𓍯𓍒 sꜣ-d-g-wꜣ-ḏꜣ-FOREIGN Sattagydia
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Classical Greek Σατταγυδαι Sattagudai Sattagydia
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Old Persian 𐎰𐎫𐎦𐎢𐏁 θ-t-gu-u-š Sattagydia
- Akkadian 𒊓𒀜𒁕𒄖𒅆 / 𒊓𒀜𒀀𒄖𒍑 sa-ad-d-gu-ši sa-at-a-gu-uš Sattagydia
- Elamite 𒊓𒀜𒆪𒆪𒆜 / 𒊓𒆪𒆪 sa-ad-da-ku-iš sa-da-ku Sattagydia
- Egyptian 𓐠𓂧𓎼𓍯𓍒 sꜣ-d-g-wꜣ-ḏꜣ-FOREIGN Sattagydia
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Classical Greek Σατταγυδαι Sattagudai Sattagydia
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Pre-Albanian *gauka
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Anatolian *gwóʔu-
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Luwic
- Hieroglyphic Luwian 𔑺𔗬𔗔 BOS-wa-sa cow where 𔑺 BOS is a semantic determinative
- Lycian 𐊇𐊀𐊇𐊀 wawa cow
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Old Armenian կով kov cow
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Balto-Slavic *gōw-
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East Baltic
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Slavic *govę̀do head of cattle, bull, ox
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East Slavic говѧдо govędo
- Russian говядо govjado cattle
- Ukrainian говядо hovjado
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South Slavic
- Old Church Slavonic ⰳⱁⰲⱔⰴⱁ / говѧдо govędo
- Serbo-Croatian говедо / govedo cattle
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West Slavic
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Celtic *bāus
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Brythonic *bʉ cow
- Breton bu
- Middle Welsh bu / buw
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Old Irish bó ox, cow
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Irish bó cow
- Irish buachaill bó cowherd, cowboy
- Irish Táin Bó Cúailnge The Cattle Raid of Cooley
- Manx booa cow
- Scottish Gaelic bò cow
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Celtiberian *bou- cow
- Celtiberian boustom cowshed
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Celtic *bowkkā
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Brythonic
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Celtic *Bāumāros personal name: Cow-Great
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Germanic *kūz cow
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North Germanic *kūʀ
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Old Norse kýr cow
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Old East Norse
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Old West Norse
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Samic *kusë
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West Germanic *kō
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Old English cū cow
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Middle English cow / cou / kowe
- English cow
- Scots coo cow
- Yola keow cow
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Old English cȳ cows plural
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Old English cȳen cows double plural
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Frankish
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Old High German kuo
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Middle High German
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Middle High German Coburg place name: Cow? City
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German Coburg
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German Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha
- English Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
- German Kuh cow
- Yiddish קו ku cow
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Old Saxon kō / kuo cow
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Middle Low German kô / koo / koh
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Hellenic *gʷous
- Mycenaean Greek 𐀦𐀃 qo-o cows, cattle
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Classical Greek βοῦς boûs ox, cow, cattle, shield
- Classical Greek βουσέλινον bousélīnon
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Koine Greek βοΐδιον boḯdion diminuitive
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Classical Greek Βουκέφαλος Bouképhalos horse name: Ox-Head
- Classical Greek Πόλυβος Pólubos personal name: Many-Cows
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Classical Greek βόειος bóeios bovine, pertaining to cows and oxen
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Classical Greek βοείη boeíē cowhide
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Latin boia collar, fetter
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Western Romance
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Old French buie fetter, chain
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Old French buie buoy
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Dutch boei buoy, shackle, fetter
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Classical Greek βουλιμία boulimía ravenous hunger lit. "ox's hunger"
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Classical Greek βουστροφηδόν boustrophēdón writing that switches LtR/RtL with each line lit. "turning like an ox (ploughing a field)"
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Classical Greek βούτῡρον boútūron butter lit. "cow-cheese"
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Latin būtȳrum butter
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Western Romance
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Old French bure / burre
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Middle French burre / beurre
- French beurre butter
- Haitian Creole bè butter
- Vietnamese bơ butter, avocado
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Italian burro butter
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West Germanic *buterǭ
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Old English butere butter
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Middle English buter / butter butter
- English butter
- Scots buter / butter butter
- Yola buthther butter
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Frankish *butero
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Old High German butira butter
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Middle High German butere / buter / puter
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German Butter butter
- Serbo-Croatian путер / puter butter
- Yiddish פּוטער puter butter
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English butyric acid isolated from rancid butter
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English but- having four carbon (of organic molecules)
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Hellenic *gʷouskō to tend to cows
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Classical Greek βόσκω bóskō to graze, to feed, to tend to a herd
- Greek βόσκω vósko to graze
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Classical Greek βοτάνη botánē grass, fodder, herbs
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Classical Greek βοτανικός botanikós of herbs, botanical
- Greek βοτανικός votanikós botanical
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Medieval Latin botanicus
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French botanique botanical
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English botanic
- English botany backformation
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Classical Greek βούβαλος boúbalos wild bovine, such as antelope or wild oxen
- Greek βούβαλος voúvalos
- Albanian buall buffalo
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Latin būbalus / būfalos *būvalus wild bovine, ox, buffalo, antelope
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Central Romance
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Italian bufalo buffalo
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Old French bufle buffalo
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Middle French buffle buffalo
- French buffle buffalo
- English buffle
- German Büffel buffalo
- Dutch buffel buffalo
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Eastern Romance
- Romanian bour wild ox, aurochs, wisent
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Slavic *byvolъ
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East Slavic
- Russian буйвол bujvol buffalo
- Ukrainian буйвіл bujvil
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South Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian бивол / биво / bivol / bivo buffalo
- Hungarian bivaly buffalo
- Romanian bivol buffalo
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West Slavic
- Czech buvol buffalo
- Polish bawół buffalo
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Spanish búfalo, bison
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Brythonic *bʉβal buffalo, drinking horn
- Welsh bual bison, drinking horn
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Old Irish búaball
- Irish buabhall buffalo, bugle, drinking horn
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Translingual Bubalus taxonomic genus of water buffalo
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Classical Greek βουβάλιον boubálion diminutive
- Greek βουβάλι vouváli buffalo
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Indo-Iranian *gā́wš
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Indo-Aryan
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Sanskrit 𑀕𑁅𑀂 gaúḥ cow, ox, cattle
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Maharashtri
- Marathi गाय gāy cow from gavi form
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Pali go
- Khmer គោ koo ox, cow, bull
- Thai โค koo cow, ox
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Sauraseni 𑀕𑀸𑀈 gāī from gavi form
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Hindustani
- Hindi गया / गाय gayā gāy gone, went suppletive past tense of जाना jānā
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Northwestern Sauraseni
- Kashmiri گاو gāv cow
- Punjabi ਗਾਂ gā̃ cow
- Telugu గోవు gōvu cow, ox
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Sanskrit 𑀕𑁄𑀭𑀽𑀧 gorūpá bovine, cow-like, cow-shaped
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Magadhi
- Bengali গোরু goru cow, ox, cattle
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Maharashtri
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Sauraseni
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Sanskrit 𑀕𑁄𑀢𑁆𑀭 gotra cow-pen, enclosure, homestead, family, tribe
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Pali
- Thai โคตร kôot ancestry, clan, lineage
- Telugu గోత్రము gōtramu family, tribe, lineage
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Sanskrit गो॒ष्ठः goṣṭháḥ cow-pen, cowshed, stable
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Prakrit goṭṭha
- Telugu కొట్టము koṭṭamu stable
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Sanskrit 𑀕𑁄𑀤𑀸𑀯𑀭𑀻 Godāvarī Cow-Giver river name
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Sanskrit 𑀕𑁄𑀧𑀸𑀮 gópālá cowherd kenning of "king", epithet of Krishna and Shiva
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Sauraseni
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Hindustani
- Hindi ग्वाला gvālā herdsman, milkman
- Telugu గోపాలుడు gōpāluḍu cowherd, king
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Iranian *gā́wš cow
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Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬊 gao cow, bull
- Avestan gao-čiθra epithet of the moon: appears as a bull? lineage of a bull? splendor of a bull?
- Pashto غوا ghwā cow
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Scythian
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Western Iranian
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Northwestern Iranian
- Balochi گوک gúk cow
- Kurdish ga ox, bull
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Old Persian
- Iranian *gawpaHā cowherd, cow-protector
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Nuristani *gā
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Indo-Iranian *gā́wajana cattle-goad
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Indo-Aryan
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Iranian
- Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬰𐬀 gauuāza ox-goad
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Western Iranian
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Northwestern Iranian
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Parthian
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Old Armenian գաւազան gawazan goad, cudgel, punishment, staff, authority, diocese
- Armenian գավազան gavazan staff, shepherd's crook, scepter, authority
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Old Persian
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Middle Persian
- Persian گوازه gavāza ox-goad
- Persian گاوزنه gâvzane ox-goad
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Italic *gʷōs *gʷōm
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Osco-Umbrian
- Oscan buv-
- Umbrian 𐌁𐌖𐌌 bum cow only attested as accusative
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Latin bōs / bovem cow, ox expected Latin would be **ūs/**vōs
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Central Romance
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Western Romance
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French bœuf ox, beef
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Spanish buey ox, steer
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Latin bovīnus
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Thracian *bonasos? a bull
- Classical Greek βόνασος bonasos European bison, wisent
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Tocharian *kewä
- Arshian ko cow
- Kushean keᵤ cow
- Kushean kaiyye cow
- Yeniseian *kus horse
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Proto-Indo-European *gʷówyos bovine, related to or made from cows
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Old Armenian կոգի kogi butter
- Armenian կոգի kogi butter
- Celtic *bowyos cow-possessing
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Hellenic *bowiyos
- Mycenaean Greek 𐀦𐀹𐀊 qo-wi-ja divine epithet: She of the Cows? Cow-Eyed?
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Hellenic *ennéwəbowiyos worth nine cows
- Classical Greek ἐννεάβοιος enneáboios worth nine cows
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Indo-Iranian *gáwyas
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Indo-Aryan *gáwyas
- Sanskrit गव्यः गव्य॑म् gávyaḥ gávyam relating to, consisting of, or coming from cows, cattle, herd of cows
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Iranian *gáwyah
- Avestan 𐬔𐬀𐬊𐬌𐬌𐬀 gaoiia consisting of or coming from cows
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Tocharian
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Proto-Indo-European *gʷówyeh₂
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Balto-Slavic *gaujāˀ
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South Slavic
- Bulgarian гуя guja snake, creeping creature
- Serbo-Croatian гуја / guja snake, earthworm
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Italic *gʷouā
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Osco-Umbrian
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Latin boa a kind of large snake
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Proto-Indo-European *gʷowkólh₁os cowherd
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Celtic *boukolyos
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Brythonic
- Welsh bugail shepherd, pastor
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Old Irish búachaill cowherd, herdsman
- Irish buachaill bó cowherd, cowboy
- Irish buachaill boy, boyfriend, herdsman, (male) employee
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Hellenic *gʷoukólos
- Mycenaean Greek 𐀦𐀄𐀒𐀫 qo-u-ko-ro cowherders
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Classical Greek βουκόλος boukólos cowherd
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Classical Greek βουκολῐκός boukolikós rustic, pastoral, pastoral poetry
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Latin būcolicus pertaining to shepherds, bucolic
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Proto-Indo-European *gʷh₃u-dʰh₁- cow-placing
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Proto-Indo-European *gʷh₃u-dʰh₁-yom herd of cows
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Germanic *kudją (cow) herd
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West Germanic *kuddi
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Frankish *kuddi
- Old High German kutti
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Proto-Indo-European **gʷowéh₂ **gʷowséh₂
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Proto-Indo-European *woḱéh₂ (female) cow
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Indo-Iranian *waĉáH
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Indo-Aryan *waśáH
- Sanskrit 𑀯𑀰𑀸 vaśā́ barren, cow
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Italic *wokā
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Latin vacca (female) cow
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Central Romance
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Eastern Romance
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Insular Romance
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Western Romance
- French vache
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Spanish vaca cow, beef, leather
- Cherokee ᏩᎦ waga cow
- Nahuatl huācax cow
- Navajo béégashii cow
- Quechua waka cow
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Latin vaccīnus of or derived from a cow
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Central Romance
- Italian vaccino bovine, vaccine
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French vaccin
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English vaccine
- Irish vacsaín
- Japanese ワクチン wakuchin
- Korean 백신 baeksin
- Persian واکسن vâksan
- Russian вакцина vakcina
- Vietnamese vắc-xin
-
Latin vaccārius cowherder early medieval
-
Central Romance
-
Eastern Romance
-
Western Romance
- French vacher cowherd
-
Spanish vaquero cowherd, cowboy, jeans
-
West Semitic
-
Central Semitic *baḳar- cattle
- Arabic بقر baqar cattle, oxen
-
Northwest Semitic
- Aramaic בקרא baqraʾ herd
-
Canaanite
- Hebrew בקר baqár cattle, beef
-
Phoenician 𐤁𐤒𐤓 bqr cattle, herd of cattle
-
Punic *vqr
-
Latin vacca (female) cow
-
Central Romance
-
Eastern Romance
-
Insular Romance
-
Western Romance
- French vache
-
Spanish vaca cow, beef, leather
- Cherokee ᏩᎦ waga cow
- Nahuatl huācax cow
- Navajo béégashii cow
- Quechua waka cow
-
Latin vaccīnus of or derived from a cow
-
Central Romance
- Italian vaccino bovine, vaccine
-
French vaccin
-
English vaccine
- Irish vacsaín
- Japanese ワクチン wakuchin
- Korean 백신 baeksin
- Persian واکسن vâksan
- Russian вакцина vakcina
- Vietnamese vắc-xin
-
Latin vaccārius cowherder early medieval
-
Central Romance
-
Eastern Romance
-
Western Romance
- French vacher cowherd
-
Spanish vaquero cowherd, cowboy, jeans
-
Central Semitic *baḳar- cattle
- Arabic بقر baqar cattle, oxen
-
Northwest Semitic
- Aramaic בקרא baqraʾ herd
-
Canaanite
- Hebrew בקר baqár cattle, beef
-
Phoenician 𐤁𐤒𐤓 bqr cattle, herd of cattle
-
Punic *vqr
-
Latin vacca (female) cow
-
Central Romance
-
Eastern Romance
-
Insular Romance
-
Western Romance
- French vache
-
Spanish vaca cow, beef, leather
- Cherokee ᏩᎦ waga cow
- Nahuatl huācax cow
- Navajo béégashii cow
- Quechua waka cow
-
Latin vaccīnus of or derived from a cow
-
Central Romance
- Italian vaccino bovine, vaccine
-
French vaccin
-
English vaccine
- Irish vacsaín
- Japanese ワクチン wakuchin
- Korean 백신 baeksin
- Persian واکسن vâksan
- Russian вакцина vakcina
- Vietnamese vắc-xin
-
Latin vaccārius cowherder early medieval
-
Central Romance
-
Eastern Romance
-
Western Romance
- French vacher cowherd
-
Spanish vaquero cowherd, cowboy, jeans
- Sumerian 𒄞 gud' cattle, ox
-
Sino-Tibetan *ŋwa cattle, ox
-
Old Chinese 牛 *ŋʷɯ cow, ox, buffalo, bovine, beef
-
Middle Chinese 牛
- Mandarin 牛 niú
- Wu 牛 nyieu3
- Yue 牛 ngau4
- Japanese 牛 / ぎゅう gyū cow, ox, cattle
-
Min 牛
-
Tibeto-Burman
-
Lolo-Burmese
-
Southwestern Tai
- Lao ງົວ ngūa cow
- Thai วัว wuua cow, bovine
-
Tibeto-Kanauri
-
Tibetan བ ba cow
- Tibetan བ་ཕྱུགས ba phyugs cattle lit. "domestic cow" or "cow-wealth"?
-
Tibetan ?
-
French zébu from an unknown Tibetan word which might have included བ ba
Visual
Collected English words
cow,
kine,
Bucephalus,
buoy,
buoyant,
bulimia,
boustrophedon,
burrata,
butter,
butyric acid,
but-,
butane,
botanic,
botany,
buffle,
buffalo,
Bubalus,
bubale,
Godavari,
beef,
bovine,
boa,
bucolic,
hecatomb,
Sattagydia,
vaccine,
buckaroo,
zebu,
Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Footnotes