AidanEM

Word Family - Thread

May theme: Cloth 👘

Teaser

throw, dreidel, tribade, attrition, thresh, tour, turn, tournament, thread, detergent

Full Text

Proto-Indo-European *terh₁- to rub, turn
- Proto-Indo-European *terh₁ti
  - Balto-Slavic
    
    Lithuanian trinti to rub
    
    Slavic *tèrti to rub
    
    East Slavic
    
    Russian тере́ть terétʹ to rub, to polish, to grind
    
    South Slavic
    
    Serbo-Croatian тр̏ти tȑti to rub, to scour, to scrub
    
    West Slavic
    
    Polish trzeć to rub
  - Germanic *þrēanã to twist, to turn
    
    West Germanic
    
    Old English þrāwan to twist, to turn, to writhe
    
    English throw
    
    Scots thraw to twist, to turn
    
    Frankish *thrāien
    
    Dutch draaien to turn, to play a record or cd, to host a party
    
    Danish dreje to turn, to twist, to dial
    
    Old High German drāen to twist, to turn
    
    German drehen to turn, to roll, to veer, to record film
    
    Yiddish דרייען dreyen to turn
    
    Yiddish דרײדל dreydl top, dreidel
    
    English dreidel
  - Hellenic
    
    Classical Greek τρῑ́βω trī́bō I rub, I grind, I thresh, I wear away
    
    Greek τρίβω trívo I grate, I chafe, I rub
    
    Classical Greek τριβάς tribás lesbian
    
    Latin tribas lesbian
    
    English tribade
  - Indo-Iranian
    
    Iranian *tarHenti to rub, wipe off
    
    Northern Iranian
    
    Sogdian ܕܣܦܪܛܪ dsprtr hand towel, handkerchief dast-par-tar, "hand-full-wipe"
    
    Persian لسپردرک laspardarak hand towel, handkerchief
    
    Yiddish לאַפּסערדאַק lapserdak A traditional Jewish black kaftan
    
    English lapserdak
    
    Russian лапсерда́к lapserdák lapserdak
    
    Western Iranian
    
    Persian ستردن setordan to wipe, to clean, to shave
  - Italic
    
    Latin terere to rub, to wear away, to tread, to graze, to grind
    
    Latin tritus rubbed, worn away, ground
    
    Late Latin tritare to grind or crush; to beat the chaff from the wheat
    
    French trier to sort, pick out, calibrate
    
    English triage
    
    Italian tritare chop, mince, dice, grind or crush
    
    Latin trīticum a kind of wheat
    
    Translingual Triticum
    
    English triticale
    
    English quadrotriticale
    
    English trite
    
    Latin trībulum
    
    English tribulation
    
    Latin terebra
    
    Latin atterere to rub at, to wear away at
    
    English attrition
    
    Latin conterere
    
    English contrite
- Proto-Indo-European *treh₁sḱeti
  - Germanic *þreskaną
    
    East Germanic
    
    Gothic 𐌸𐍂𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌽 þriskan
    
    Portuguese triscar to touch lightly
    
    Spanish triscar to leap about, to stomp, to mix
    
    North Germanic
    
    Old Norse þreskja to thresh
    
    Danish tærske to thresh, to thrash
    
    Icelandic þreskja to thresh
    
    West Germanic
    
    Old English þrescan thresh, trample
    
    English thresh
    
    English thrash
    
    Old English þrescold threshold
    
    English threshold
    
    Old High German
    
    German dreschen to thresh, to thrash
- Proto-Indo-European *tórh₁mos bored hole
  - Germanic *þarmaz intestine, gut
    
    North Germanic
    
    Old Norse þarmr intestine, gut
    
    Danish tarm intestine, bowels
    
    Icelandic þarmur intestine, gut
    
    West Germanic
    
    Old English þearm instestine, gut
    
    Scots thairm intestine used for haggis, gut used for a musical instrument
    
    Old High German darm
    
    German Darm instestine
  - Hellenic
    
    Classical Greek τόρμος tórmos peg, tenon
- Proto-Indo-European *tórh₁nos
  - Hellenic
    
    Classical Greek τόρνος tórnos a turned thing, a pair of compasses, a lathe, a circle
    
    Latin tornus lathe, potter's wheel
    
    Central Romance
    
    Italian tornio lathe
    
    Turkish torna lathe
    
    Western Romance
    
    French tour lathe, potter's wheel
    
    Spanish torno lathe, winch
    
    Spanish tornillo a screw
    
    Latin tornāre to turn, to round off, to lathe
    
    Central Romance
    
    Dalmatian tornuar to return
    
    Italian tornare to return, to do again, to turn
    
    Eastern Romance
    
    Romanian a turna to pour, to shape, to fashion
    
    Insular Romance
    
    Sardinian torrare to return, to retreat, to give back
    
    Western Romance
    
    Old French torner
    
    French tourner to turn, to stir, to tour
    
    Spanish turnar to take turns, to alternate
    
    Middle English turnen
    
    English turn
    
    Old French tourn
    
    French tour a turn, a circumference, a round (everyone taking a turn), a ride
    
    English tour
    
    French Tour de France
    
    English Tour de France
    
    Anglo-Norman tur
    
    Anglo-Norman turrete
    
    English terret
    
    Old English turnian to turn on a lathe, to turn
    
    Middle English turnen
    
    English turn
    
    Vulgar Latin *tornidiō
    
    Western Romance
    
    Old French tornoiier to turn, to participate in a tournament
    
    French tournoyer to swirl, to twirl, to wheel
    
    Old French tornei
    
    English tourney
    
    Old French tornoiement
    
    English tournament
- Proto-Indo-European *tréh₁tus
  - Germanic *þrēduz twisted fiber, thread
    
    North Germanic
    
    Old Norse þráðr thread
    
    Danish tråd thread, wire, string, filament
    
    Icelandic þráður string, thread
    
    West Germanic
    
    Old English þrǣd thread
    
    English thread
    
    Scots threed thread
    
    Frankish *thrāt
    
    Dutch draad thread, wire
    
    Old High German drāt
    
    German Draht wire
  - Proto-Indo-European *treh₂ǵ-
    
    Proto-Indo-European *trh₂ǵti
    
    Old Armenian արածեմ aracem to graze, to pasture
    
    Armenian արածել aracel to graze, to pasture, to browse
    
    Hellenic
    
    Classical Greek τρώγω trṓgō chew, gnaw, eat
    
    Classical Greek τράγος trágos male goat, lechery
    
    Classical Greek τραγῳδία tragōidía epic play, tragedy ^[1]
    
    Latin tragoedia tragedy theatrical meaning only
    
    French tragédie tragedy
    
    English tragedy
    
    Proto-Indo-European *treh₂ǵtis
    
    Old Armenian արաւտ arawt pasture, herbage, grass for grazing
    
    Armenian արոտ arot pasture, herbage, grass for grazing
  - Proto-Indo-European *terh₂ǵ-
    
    Proto-Indo-European *terh₂ǵéyeti
    
    Italic
    
    Latin tergēre to rub, to wipe off, to clean, to polish, to harass
    
    Latin tersus clean, neat, pure, uncluttered, terse
    
    English terse
    
    Latin dētergere to rub away
    
    English detergent
    
    Latin extergere to rub out
    
    Eastern Romance
    
    Romanian a șterge
    
    Latin manutergere to rub by hand
    
    Latin manutergium
    
    Latin mantēle

Visual

Collected English words

throw, dreidel, tribade, lapserdak, triage, Triticum, triticale, quadrotriticale, trite, tribulation, attrition, contrite, thresh, thrash, threshold, tour, Tour de France, terret, turn, tourney, tournament, thread, tragedy, terse, detergent

Footnotes

^
If this is the correct etymology, it would be formed as trago-ode, "goat-song", and have originally referred to the Satyr Plays, burlesque tragicomedies featuring satyrs. This is an etymology presented by Aristotle. It has a number of the warning signs of a folk etymology, but it also has more supporting circumstanital evidence than you'd expect. There's also no better idea of where τραγῳδία comes from.

The other part of the word is definitely from ᾠδή ōidḗ: "song", also the root of English ode, comedy, melody, rhapsody, etc. The inflection paradigm of ἀείδω suggests an Indo-European origin, reconstructed as *h₂weyd-, but there is no evidence of that root outside of Greek. Possibly related to *h₂weh₁-: "to blow (of wind)" (see 20180209). Coincidentally, *h₂weh₁- has a potential relationship to Hebrew הָיָה hayah: "to happen", which is what the ה‬ stands for on a dreidel.

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