Word Family - Night

October theme: Nighttime 🌃

Teaser

naga, naked, gym, night, nocturnal

Full Text

  • Proto-Indo-European *negʷ- bare
    • Proto-Indo-European *nogʷó-s naked thing, naked one noun
      • Balto-Slavic *nōˀgás naked
        • Lithuanian núogas naked
        • Slavic *nȃgъ naked
          • East Slavic
            • Russian наго́й nagój naked
          • South Slavic
            • Serbo-Croatian наг nag naked
          • West Slavic
            • Polish nagi naked
      • Indo-Iranian *nāgás
        • Indo-Aryan *nāgás
          • Sanskrit नाग nāgá elephant, snake, serpent-spirit "hairless one" [1]
            • Sauraseni
              • Madhya
                • Hindi नाग nāg serpent, cobra, naga
              • Pali nāga
                • Burmese နဂါး na.ga: naga, dragon
                • Malay naga dragon
                • Thai นาค nâak elephant, naga, dragon, snake
            • English naga
            • Telugu నాగము nāgamu cobra, elephant
            • Translingual Naja taxonomic genus of cobras
    • Proto-Indo-European *nogʷedʰo-s
      • Germanic *nakwadaz naked
        • East Germanic
          • Gothic 𐌽𐌰𐌵𐌰𐌸𐍃 naqaþs naked
        • North Germanic
          • Old Norse nakinn
            • Danish nøgen naked
            • Icelandic nakinn naked
        • West Germanic
          • Old English nacod naked
            • English naked
            • Scots nakit naked
      • Italic *nogʷedos
        • Latin nūdus naked, simple, poor, deprived
          • Eastern Romance
            • Romanian nud naked
          • Western Romance
            • French nu naked
              • Vietnamese nuy naked literary or euphemistic
            • Italian nudo naked
          • English nude
          • Latin dē(s)nūdō I denude, I uncover
            • Western Romance
              • Old French
                • French dénuder to denude
                • English denude
              • Spanish desnudo naked
    • Proto-Indo-European *nogʷnó-s
      • Hellenic *gonʷnós methathesis, possible taboo deformation
        • Ancient Greek γυμνός gumnós naked, unarmored, destitute
          • Greek γυμνός gymnós naked
            • English gymno-
          • Ancient Greek γυμνάζω gumnázō I exercise, I train tendency of Greek warriors to train naked, or at the very least without their armor
            • Ancient Greek γυμναστικός gumnastikós fond of exercise, skilled at exercise
              • Latin gymnasticus gymnastic
                • English gymnastic
            • Ancient Greek γῠμνᾰ́σιον gumnásion exercises, school
              • Greek γυμνάσιο gymnásio middle school, military drills
              • Coptic ⲅⲩⲙⲛⲁⲥⲓⲁ gumnasia physical sport, physical exercise
              • Latin gymnasium gymnasium
                • English gymnasium
                  • English gym
      • Indo-Iranian *nagnás naked
        • Indo-Aryan *nagnás
          • Sanskrit नग्न nagná naked, desert, new, a naked mendicant
            • Magadhi
              • Bengali নাঙ্গা naṅga naked
            • Sauraseni ṇagga
              • Madhya
                • Hindi नंगा naṅgā naked, shameless
              • Pali nagga
        • Iranian *magnáh dissimilation?
          • Avestan 𐬨𐬀𐬕𐬥𐬀 maġna
          • Iranian *bagnákah
            • Northern Iranian
              • Scythian
                • Ossetian бӕгънӕ́г bæǧnǽg naked
            • Western Iranian
              • Old Persian
                • Persian برهنه barahna naked
          • Iranian *magnáh-ĉr̥Hah bare-head
            • Northern Iranian
              • Scythian
                • Ossetian бӕгъӕ́мсар bæǧǽmsar bareheaded
                • Armenian Մանկասար Mankasar given name
    • Proto-Indo-European *nogʷtó-s
      • Celtic *noxtos naked
        • Brythonic *noɨθ naked
          • Welsh noeth naked, bleak
        • Old Irish nocht naked
          • Irish nocht naked
    • Proto-Indo-European *negʷmont-s
      • Anatolian
        • Hittite 𒉈𒆪𒈠𒀭𒍝 ne-ku-ma-an-za naked
    • Proto-Indo-European *nókʷts night apparently derived from *negʷ->, possibly "stripped (of light
      • Pre-Albanian *naktā
        • Albanian natë night
      • Anatolian
        • Hittite 𒉈𒆪𒍖 ne-ku-uz evening, nightfall, twilight, dawn
      • Balto-Slavic *naktis
        • Lithuanian naktìs night
        • Slavic *nȏ(k)ťь
          • East Slavic ночь nočĭ night
            • Russian ночь nočʹ night
          • South Slavic
            • Old Church Slavonic ⱀⱁⱋⱐ noštĭ night
            • Serbo-Croatian но̑ћ nȏć night
          • West Slavic
            • Polish noc night
      • Celtic *noxs
        • Gaulish noxs
        • Old Irish nocht night note: homphonous with "naked"
        • Celtic *eni-noxtē tonight "in the night", dative
          • Brythonic
          • Welsh hano tonight
          • Old Irish innocht tonight
            • Irish anocht tonight
      • Germanic *nahts
        • East Germanic
          • Gothic 𐌽𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃 nahts night
        • North Germanic
          • Old Norse nátt night
            • Danish nat night
            • Icelandic nótt night
        • West Germanic
          • Old English niht night
            • English night
            • Scots nicht night, evening, tonight
          • Frankish *naht
            • Dutch nacht nigh
          • Old High German naht night
            • German Nacht night, darkness
            • Yiddish נאַכט
          • West Germanic *nahtigalǭ nightingale
            • Old English nihtegale nightengale
              • English nightingale
              • Scots nichtgale nightengale
            • Frankish *nahtagala
              • Dutch nachtegaal nightengale
            • Old High German nahtigala nightengale
              • German Nachtigall nightengale
            • Old Saxon nahtigala nightengale
              • Danish nattergal nightengale
              • Icelandic næturgali nightengale
      • Hellenic *nokʷts
        • Ancient Greek νῠ́ξ
          • Greek νύχτα
          • Latin Nyx Greek divinity of night
            • Translingual Nyx a taxonomic genus of metalmark moths
            • Translingual Nix a moon of Pluto
          • English nycto-
      • Indo-Iranian *nákts
        • Indo-Aryan *nákts
          • Sanskrit नक् nák night
            • Telugu నక్తము naktamu night
        • Iranian *náxts
          • Avestan *naxt?
            • Avestan 𐬎𐬞𐬀𐬥𐬀𐬑𐬙𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬱𐬎 upa.naxturušu at the edge of night
          • Western Iranian
            • Kurdish nixte overcast
      • Italic *noks
        • Latin nox night, darkness accusative: `nocte(m
          • Sardinian noti night
          • Eastern Romance
            • Romanian noapte night
          • Western Romance
            • French nuit night
            • Italian notte night
            • Spanish noche night
          • Latin nocturnus of the night, nocturnal
            • Western Romance
              • French nocturne nocturnal, nocturne
                • English nocturne
              • Italian notturno nocturnal, nightly, nocturne, nightclub
              • Spanish nocturno nocturnal, nocturne
            • English nocturns
            • Latin nocturnalis
              • English nocturnal
      • Proto-Indo-European *n̥kʷtéw-s night-ish, twilight
        • Germanic *unhtwǭ
          • East Germanic
            • Gothic 𐌿𐌷𐍄𐍅𐍉 uhtwō dawn, daybreak
          • North Germanic
            • Old Norse ótta
              • Icelandic ótta start of the second traditional division of the day (into eighths), about 03:00
          • West Germanic
            • Old English ūhta time just before the dawn, nocturns service (midnight mass)
              • Old English ūhtacearu pre-dawn anxiety
            • Frankish *ūhto
              • Middle Dutch uchten morning modified by analogy to avont: "evening"
                • Dutch ochtend morning
            • Old Saxon ūhta
              • Low German Uchte nocturns service (midnight mass)
        • Hellenic
          • Ancient Greek ἀκτῑ́ς aktī́s ray, beam, brightness, splendor, spoke like the setting/rising sun?
        • Indo-Iranian *aktúš
          • Indo-Aryan *aktúṣ
            • Sanskrit अक्तु aktú tinge, ray, beam of light, darkness, night sunset?
        • Tocharian *nekʷtu-
          • Arshian nokte at night
          • Kushean naktiṃ last night
        • Proto-Indo-European *nokʷtewyo-s
          • Tocharian *nekʷcäwye-
            • Arshian nakcu during the night, last night
            • Kushean nekcīye during the night, last night

Visual

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Collected English words

naga, Naja, naked, nude, denude, gymno-, gymnastic, gymnasium, gym, night, nightingale, Nyx, Nix, nycto-, nocturne, nocturns, nocturnal

Footnotes

  1. ^

    Indo-Iranian merger of labio-velars with plain velars merges *nogʷó-s from *negʷ-: "bare" with *nogó-s from *(s)neg-: "to crawl, to creep, snake". nāgá meaning "snake" presumably primarily comes from *(s)neg-, but is at the very least reinforced by, and nāgá from *negʷ-. I have grouped the Sanskrit "elephant" and "snake" together as the same word here, because descendants and borrowings of the Sanskrit largely treat them as if they are the same word.

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