December theme: Pre-Classical Mediterranean 🏝
Teaser
Europe, Maghreb, Arabia, Erebus
Full Text
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Semitic *[ʕ/ġ]rb to depart, to set [1]
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Central Semitic
- Arabic ġaraba
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Northwest Semitic
- Aramaic ערובה ʿrōbā sunset, evening, (Sabbath) eve
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Canaanite
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Phoenician *'irōb
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Homeric Greek Εὐρώπη Eurṓpē Western shore of the Aegean,\nmainland Greece\n(as opposed to Pelopennese or the islands) [2]
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Ancient Greek Εὐρώπη Eurṓpē Land north of the Mediterranean Sea \nand west of the Aegean and Black Seas,\nEurope, Europa
- Greek Ευρώπη Evrópi Europe, Europa
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Latin Europa
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Western Romance
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French Europe
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English Europe
- Hindi यूरोप yūrop
- Korean 유럽 Yureop
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- Italian Europa
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Portuguese Europa
- Japanese ヨーロッパ Yōroppa
- Spanish Europa
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- Arabic أُورُوبَّا ʾūrūbbā
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Chinese 歐羅巴 Europa, Europe (archaic)
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Mandarian 歐羅巴 Ōuluóbā
- Mandarian 歐洲 Ōuzhōu Europe [3]
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- English Europa
- German Europa
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- Russian Европа Jevropa Europe
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Punic *ʿarb
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Latin arbiter
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Western Romance
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French arbitre mediator, arbitrator, referee
- English arbiter
- Italian arbitro referee, umpire, arbitrator
- Spanish árbitro referee
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Central Semitic *ma-grb place of sunset, western place, the west locative
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Arabic مَغْرِب maḡrib place or time of sunset, west, evening
- Arabic الْمَغْرِب al-maḡrib The Maghreb, Morocco
- English Maghreb
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Northwest Semitic
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Aramaic
- Classical Syriac ܡܰܥܪܒܐ ma‑arba west, occident, sunset, western sky, west wind
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Canaanite
- Hebrew מַעֲרָב ma‑ārov the west, occident
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Central Semitic ? surety, pledge (money before you leave)?
- Arabic
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Northwest Semitic
- Hebrew ערבון erabon guarantee
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Phoenician
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Ancient Greek ἀρραβών arrabōn pledge, surety, deposit, down payment
- Greek αρραβώνας arravónas engagement, betrothal, deposit, earnest money
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Latin arrhabō
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Latin arrha
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Western Romance
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French arrhes down payment, deposit
- English earnest [4]
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East Semitic
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Akkadian 𒌅 erēbu to go down, to set, to enter
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Akkadian Ereb night, sunset, the west in contrast to sunrise/east: Asu (Asia?
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Arabic عَرَب ʿarab Arab [5]
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Aramaic
- Old Persian 𐎠𐎼𐎲𐎠𐎹 Arabāya Arabia
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Ancient Greek Ἄρᾰψ Áraps Arab, Arabian
- Greek Άραβας Áravas Arab
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Ancient Greek Ἀρᾰβῐ́ᾱ Arabíā Arabia
- Greek Αραβία Aravía Arabia
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Latin Arabia Arabia
- English Arabia
- French Arabie
- Italian Arabia
- Spanish Arabia
- Yiddish אַראַביע arabye
- Chinese 阿拉伯 Ālābó Arabia
- Hebrew עֲרָב aráv Arabia
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Persian عرب 'arab Arab, Arabian
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Persian عربستان 'arabestân Arabia
- Turkish Arabistan Arabia
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- Somali Carabiya Arabia
- Swahili Uarabuni Arabia
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Proto-Indo-European *h₁régʷos darkness [6]
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Old Armenian երեկ erek evening, west, evening star (Venus)
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Old Armenian երեկոյ erekoy evening
- Armenian երեկո ereko evening
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Old Armenian երէկ erēk yesterday
- Armenian երեկ erek yesterday
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Germanic *rekwaz darkness
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East Germanic
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Gothic
- Ostrogothic 𐍂𐌹𐌵𐌹𐍃 riqis darkness
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North Germanic
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Old Norse røkkr twilight
- Icelandic rökkur twilight
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Hellenic
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Ancient Greek Ἔρεβος Érebos primordial divinity of darkness
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Latin Erebus
- English Erebus
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Indo-Iranian *Hráǰas
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Indo-Aryan *Hráȷ́as
- Sanskrit रजस् rájas darkness, dust, space between heaven and earth
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Proto-Indo-European *h₁regʷesyéti to be getting dark
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Germanic *rikwizjaną to get dark
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East Germanic
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Gothic
- Ostrogothic 𐍂𐌹𐌵𐌹𐌶𐌾𐌰𐌽 riqizjan to become dark, to darken
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Indo-Iranian *Hraǰasyáti
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Indo-Aryan *Hraȷ́asyáti
- Sanskrit रजस्यति rajasyáti to become dust, to be scattered
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Visual
Collected English words
Europe, Europa, Maghreb, arbiter, earnest, Arabia, Erebus