January theme: 98 … 99 … 100! 💯

Introduction

This is 98th Word Family in 98 weeks. As I close in on 100, I'm doing two families inspired by comments on the very first family. In this case, the comment "I found recently that the words bison and weasel come from the same Germanic root"—Bee.

Teaser

weasel, bison, virus

Full Text

• Proto-Indo-European *weys- slime, poison, flow, melt

  • Proto-Indo-European *wisós action noun, zero-grade variant

    • Hellenic *wihós

      • Classical Greek ιός iós poison, venom

        • Greek ιός iós venom, virus
    • Indo-Iranian *wišás

      • Indo-Aryan *wíṣas

        • Sanskrit विषः viṣáḥ poison, venom, bane

          • Sauraseni 𑀯𑀺𑀲 visa

            • Hindustani

              • Hindi बिस bis
            • Northwestern Sauraseni

              • Kalasha biṣ poison
          • Pali

            • Malay bisa poison
            • Thai พิษ pít poison, venom, toxin

              • Thai มลพิษ mon-lá-pít pollution
          • Hindi विष viṣ poison, venom re-borrowing
          • Telugu విషము viṣamu poison, venom, water
      • Iranian *wíšah

        • Avestan viša poison
      • Uralic *wiša poison, gall, green

        • Finnic *viha poison, greeness

          • Finnic *viherä green

            • Finnish vihreä green
        • Mordvinic

          • Erzya ожо ožo yellow, jaundice
        • Permic

          • Udmurt вож vož green
    • Tocharian *wä́së

      • Arshian wäs poison
      • Kushean wase poison
  • Proto-Indo-European *weysós action noun, full-grade variant

    • Italic *weisos

      • Latin vīrus slime, poison, venom

        • English virus

          • English COVID / Covid
        • Latin vīrulentus poisonous

          • English virulent
    • Proto-Indo-European

      • Celtic *wēsarom

        • Brythonic

          • Welsh gwyar blood, gore

            • Welsh Gwalchmei ap Gwyar
        • Old Irish fi poison
  • Proto-Indo-European *weysō stink thing? flow thing?

    • Germanic *wisō

      • Germanic *wisulǭ weasel, polecat diminutive

        • North Germanic

          • Old Norse visla weasel

            • Old East Norse

              • Danish væsel weasel
            • Old Norse hreysivisla weasel lit. "den-weasel"

              • Old West Norse

                • Icelandic hreysivisla weasel
        • West Germanic *wisulā

          • Old English uuesulae / weosule / wesle weasel

            • Middle English wesele / wesil / wasyll weasel

              • English weasel
          • Frankish *wisala

            • Middle Dutch wesel weasel, least weasel

              • Dutch wezel weasel, least weasel
              • Afrikaans wezel weasel, least weasel
          • Old High German wisula / wisala

            • Middle High German wisele

              • German Wiesel weasel
              • Yiddish וויזל vizl weasel
  • Proto-Indo-European *wisn̥tós stinked thing?

    • Germanic *wisundaz *wisundz wild ox

      • East Germanic

        • Gothic *Uisandus personal name: Wild Ox?

          • Latin Uisandi

            • Western Romance

              • Galician Guisande
      • West Germanic *wisund

        • Old English wesend bison, wild ox
        • Old High German wisunt / wisant

          • Middle High German wisent wisent, European bison

            • German Wisent wisent, European bison partially learned borrowing

              • Danish visent
              • Dutch wisent
              • English wisent
      • Latin bisōn / bisōntem bison

        • Middle French bison bison

          • French bison bison
          • English bison
      • Classical Greek βίσονας bison

Visual

Collected English words

COVID, virus, virulent, weasel, wisent, bison