June theme: Pride In Words 🏳️‍🌈

Teaser

go, gay, heritage, gangway

Full Text

• Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁- to go, to walk, to leave

  • Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰh₁yeti ye- present verb

    • Germanic *gāną to go, to walk

      • East Germanic

        • Crimean Gothic geen to go
      • North Germanic

        • Old Norse gá

          • Danish gå to go, to walk
      • West Germanic *gān to go

        • Old English gān to go, to walk, to enter

          • English go
          • Scots gae to go
        • Frankish *gān

          • Dutch gaan to go, to lead, to proceed
        • Old High German gān

          • German gehen to go, walk
          • Yiddish גיין geyn to go, to walk
      • Germanic *ganhuz fast, quick

        • East Germanic

          • Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌴𐌹𐍃 gaheis

            • Old Occitan gai

              • Old French gai

                • French gai cheerful, merry
                • English gay
                • Italian gaio cheerful, happy, bright color
        • West Germanic *gą̄hī

          • Old High German gāhi

            • German jäh abrupt, precipitous
            • Yiddish גיך gikh fast
          • Frankish *gāhi

            • Dutch gauw quickly, soon
            • Old French jai jay (bird)

              • French geai jay (bird)
              • English jay
  • Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰéǵʰeh₁ti to leave, to abandon

    • Indo-Iranian *ĵʰáĵʰaHti

      • Indo-Aryan *ȷ́áźʰaHti

        • Sanskrit 𑀚𑀳𑀸𑀢𑀺 jáhāti to renounce, to abandon, to ignore, to shun
      • Iranian *jájaHti

        • Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬰𐬁𐬌𐬙𐬌 zazāiti to overtake, to win, to leave behind
  • Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁ros left, remnant

    • Hellenic

      • Classical Greek χήρα khéra widow

        • Greek χήρα chíra widow, relict
        • Laz შირა şira widow
    • Italic *xeros

      • Latin heres heir

        • Central Romance

          • Italian erede heir
        • Western Romance

          • Old French eir

            • Anglo-Norman heir

              • English heir
              • Irish oidhre heir
        • Latin hereditarius hereditary, inherited

          • Western Romance

            • French héritier heir

              • French héritage heritage, inheritance, legacy

                • English heritage
            • Spanish heredero heir
          • English hereditary
          • French héréditaire hereditary
          • Italian ereditario hereditary
          • Spanish hereditario hereditary
        • Latin hereditare to inherit

          • Central Romance

            • Italian ereditare to inherit
          • Western Romance

            • French hériter to inherit
            • Spanish heredar to inherit
          • Latin inhereditare to appoint as heir

            • Western Romance

              • Old French enheriter

                • English inherit
  • Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰengʰ- to go, walk, stride, step intensive form of *ǵʰeh₁-

    • Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰengʰti primary verb

      • Balto-Slavic

        • East Baltic

          • Lithuanian žeñgti to stride
      • Indo-Iranian

        • Indo-Aryan

          • Sanskrit 𑀚𑀁𑀳𑀢𑀺 jaṃhati to move quickly, sprawl
      • Germanic *ganganą to go, walk, step

        • East Germanic

          • Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌽 gaggan to go
        • North Germanic

          • Old Norse ganga to go, to walk

            • Icelandic ganga to walk, to operate (of a machine)
            • Old Norse Gangleri divine epithet: Walking-Weary (Odin)
        • West Germanic *gangan

          • Old English gangan to go, to walk

            • English gang

              • English gangling
              • English gangly
              • English gangway
              • English gangplank
          • Old High German gangan

            • German (ge-)gangen went past participle of gehen
        • Germanic *gangaz pace, step, walk, path

          • North Germanic

            • Old Norse gangr

              • Icelandic gangur the act of walking, movement, action, hallway
            • Finnic *kangas

              • Finnish kangas coniferous, boreal forest that is easily walked through; the kind of soil that such a forest grows on
          • West Germanic *gang

            • Old English gang a going, act of walking, path, gait, toilet

              • English gang ^[1]

                • Italian ghenga gang
                • Japanese ギャング gyangu gang
                • Korean 갱 gaeng gang
                • Māori kēnga gang
                • Portuguese gangue gang
                • English gank
            • Old High German gang path, journey, a going

              • German Gang walk, course, passageway, mineral vein or seam

                • French gangue the worthless rock or vein matter in which valuable metals or minerals occur

                  • English gangue
              • Old High German Wolfgang personal name: Wolf-Journey

                • Middle High German Wolfgang

                  • German Wolfgang

                    • English Wolfgang
    • Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰongʰis

      • Germanic *gangiz passable, going, able to go

        • Old Norse gengr

          • Icelandic gengur passable, able to walk

            • Icelandic skipgengur navigable "ship-passable"
          • Swedish gäng(e) gang, team, group

            • Finnish jengi gang

Visual

Collected English words

go, gay, jay, heir, heritage, hereditary, inherit, gang, gangling, gangly, gangway, gangplank, gang, gank, gangue, Wolfgang

Footnotes

1. ^

   The semantic shift of English gang goes something like: "to go, to walk"/"a going, a journey" -> "a group of people travelling together" -> "a group of people acting towards a common goal" -> modern meanings.