September theme: Community 🏘️

Teaser

municipal, common, communicate, Mithra, mix, mutant, miss

Full Text

• Proto-Indo-European *mey- to exchange, to intermingle

  • Proto-Indo-European *moyno-s

    • Italic *moinos

      • Latin mūnus service, duty, obligation, public office

        • Latin mūniceps citizen (duty-taker)

          • Latin mūnicipium township, town

            • Western Romance

              • Italian municipo town council, town hall, government office
          • Latin mūnicipālis to do with citizens or local government

            • French municipal municipal

              • English municipal
        • Latin mūnerō I honor (service), I reward (service)

          • Latin remūnerō I reward, I recompense

            • English remunerate
        • Latin immūnis exempt from duty or public service

          • English immune
  • Proto-Indo-European *moyni-s

    • Proto-Indo-European *ḱom-moyni-s

      • Germanic *gamainiz shared, communal, public, common, ordinary

        • East Germanic

          • Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 gamains common, shared, vulgar, unclean
        • West Germanic

          • Old English ġemǣne common, general, mutual

            • English mean
          • Frankish *gimēni

            • Dutch gemeen in common, lower class, plebeian
          • Old High German gimeini

            • German gemein mean, common
            • Polish gmina commune, township, municipality, kahal
      • Italic *kommoinis

        • Latin commūnis common, ordinary, universal, public, democratic, familiar, courteous

          • Western Romance

            • French commun common, ordinary, low class, communal

              • English common
          • Latin commūne

            • English commune
          • Latin commūnālis

            • English communal
          • Latin commūniō

            • English communion
          • Latin commūnitās

            • English community
          • Latin commūnicō

            • Eastern Romance

              • Romanian a cumineca to receive communion, to communicate
            • Western Romance

              • Italian comunicare to communicate
              • Spanish comulgar to receive communion, to communicate, to agree with
            • English communicate
            • French communiquer to communicate

              • French communiqué communicated, a thing that has beeb communicated

                • English communique
            • Spanish comunicar to communicate
  • Proto-Indo-European *mitrós

    • Indo-Iranian *mitrás oath, promise, treaty, agreement

      • Indo-Aryan *mitrás

        • Sanskrit मित्र mitrá friend, companion, associate

          • Magadhi 𑀫𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢 mitta

            • Bengali মিতা mita friend, ally, namesake
          • Pali mitta friend, friensdhip
          • Sauraseni 𑀫𑀺𑀢𑁆𑀢 mitta

            • Madhya

              • Hindi मीत mīt friend
            • Pahari

              • Punjabi ਮਿੱਤ mitta friend
      • Iranian *miθráh

        • East Iranian

          • Avestan 𐬨𐬌𐬚𐬭𐬀 miθra contract, agreement, Mithra the Zoroastrian Divinity of Oaths

            • Old Persian 𐎷𐎰𐎼 miθra contract, agreement, Mithra

              • Persian مهر mehr kindness, love, friendship, prosperity, Mithhra, the Sun

                • Persian مهربان mehrabân kind, gracious

                  • Hindi मेहरबान meharbān kind
              • Arabic مَهْر mahr contract, signet, seal, marriage portion

                • Persian مهر mahr contract, covenant, marriage portion
              • Ancient Greek Μίθρᾱς Míthrās Mithra, or various Helleno-Zoroastrian syncretic figures

                • Latin Mithrās

                  • English Mithra
  • Proto-Indo-European *meygʷ- extension

    • Proto-Indo-European *meygʷe-ti primary verb

      • Italic

        • Latin migrō I depart, I migrate, I change

          • Western Romance

            • Old French

              • French émigrer to emmigrate, to migrate
              • English migrate
            • Italian migrare to migrate
  • Proto-Indo-European *meyḱ- to mix extension

    • Proto-Indo-European *meyḱe-ti primary verb

      • Indo-Iranian

        • Iranian

          • East Iranian

            • Scythian

              • Ossetian ызмис yzmis sand
          • West Iranian

            • Old Persian

              • Persian آمیختن âmixtan to mix
            • Kurdish ئامێژەن amêjen mixing
    • Proto-Indo-European *méyḱe-ti root perfective

      • Hellenic

        • Ancient Greek ἔμῐκτο
    • Proto-Indo-European *miḱsḱé-ti iterative

      • Germanic *miskijaną

        • Western Romance

          • Old English miscian

            • English mix
          • Frankish *misken

            • Dutch misken
          • Old High German miskian

            • German mischen to mix, to shuffle
      • Hellenic

        • Ancient Greek μίσγω mísgō I mix
      • Indo-Iranian *misĉá-

        • Indo-Aryan *misĉá-

          • Sanskrit *micchá-

            • Sanskrit मिच्छमान micchámāna agitated
        • Iranian *āmayxš-

          • West Iranian

            • Parthian ʾmyxs- to be mixed up with
      • Italic *mikskō

        • Latin misceō I mix, I confuse

          • Latin miscellus mixed

            • Latin miscellāneus mixed, assorted, sundry, miscellaneous

              • English miscellaneous
          • Latin mixtus mixed

            • Western Romance

              • Italian misto mixed
            • Latin mixtūra mixturem mixing

              • Western Romance

                • Old French misture mixture

                  • English mixture
                • Italian mistura mixture, concoction
            • Latin mixtīcius of mixed race

              • Western Romance

                • French métis
                • Spanish mestizo
                • Italian meticcio
          • Vulgar Latin *misculō

            • Western Romance

              • Italian mescolare to mix, to stir, to blend
            • Vulgar Latin *misclāre syncopated variant

              • Western Romance
              • Old French *mescler

                • French mêler to mix, to shuffle, to meddle with

                  • French mélange mixture, blend

                    • English melange
                • English meddle
                • Italian mischiare to mix, to blend, to shuffle
                • Spanish mezclar to mix, to blend
      • Proto-Indo-European *miḱsḱó derverbal noun of iterative

        • Celtic *miskos mixture, confusion, among, amidst

          • Old Irish

            • Irish measc to mix, to blend, a jumble, a confusion
          • Celtic *kom-miskos

            • Brythonic *kɨm-mɨsk

              • Welsh cymysg mixed, assorted
            • Old Irish

              • Irish cumasc mixture, compound, alloy
      • Proto-Indo-European *moyḱsḱo alternate form of noun

        • Germanic *maiskaz mixture, mash

          • West Germanic

            • Old English mǣsc

              • English mash
            • Old High German *meisk

              • German Maisch crushed grapes for wine, ground malt for beer
    • Proto-Indo-European *moyḱéye-ti causative

      • Balto-Slavic *maiśeitei

        • Lithuanian maišýti to mix, to stir, to agitate
        • Slavic *mě̄sìti to mix, to knead

          • East Slavic

            • Russian меси́ть
          • South Slavic

            • Old Church Slavonic ⰿⱑⱄⰹⰿⱏ měsimŭ being mixed
            • Serbo-Croatian мијѐсити mijèsiti to knead
          • West Slavic

            • Polish miesić to knead
    • Proto-Indo-European *méyḱs-eti desiderative?

      • Hellenic

        • Ancient Greek μείξω
      • Indo-Iranian *maykšáyati

        • Indo-Aryan *maykṣáyati

          • Sanskrit मेक्षयति mekṣáyati to mix, to stir, to mingle
    • Proto-Indo-European *meyḱye-ti secondary imperfective

      • Balto-Slavic

        • Lithuanian miēši dilute, mix, ferment, sweeten
    • Proto-Indo-European *méyḱti-s action noun

      • Balto-Slavic *miśtis

        • Lithuanian mìšti
      • Hellenic *míktis

        • Ancient Greek μῐ́ξῐς míxis a mixing, a mingling, intercourse
      • Indo-Iranian *míštiš

        • Iranian

          • East Iranian

            • Avestan 𐬨𐬌𐬱𐬙𐬌 mišti confusedly
    • Proto-Indo-European *miḱró-s adjective

      • Balto-Slavic

        • Lithuanian mìšras mixed
      • Indo-Iranian *miĉrás

        • Indo-Aryan *miśrás

          • Sanskrit मिश्र miśrá mixed

            • Pali missa
    • Proto-Indo-European *menḱ-

      • Proto-Indo-European *menḱe-ti

        • Germanic *mangijaną to mix, to knead

          • West Germanic

            • Old English mengan to mix, to mingle, to blend

              • English mingle
            • Frankish *mengen

              • Dutch mengen to mix
            • Old High German mengen

              • German mengen
  • Proto-Indo-European *meyH- extension

    • Proto-Indo-European *méytHe-ti primary verb

      • Germanic *maidijaną

        • East Germanic

          • Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 maidjan

            • Gothic 𐌹𐌽𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 inmaidjan to transform, to change, to exchange
      • Italic *moitō

        • Latin mūtō

          • Eastern Romance

            • Romanian a muta to move, to shift
          • Western Romance

            • French muer to moult, to change, to mutate

              • French mue moulting, metamorphosis, transformation

                • English mew
            • Italian mutare to change
            • Spanish mudar to change, to convert, to move, to shed
          • Old English mutian

            • English moult
          • French muter to transfer, to mutate
          • Latin commūtō

            • English commute
          • Latin mūtābilis

            • English mutable
          • Latin mūtāns

            • English mutant
          • Latin mūtātiō

            • French mutation substitution, mutation

              • English mutation

                • English mutate
          • Latin mūtuus

            • Western Romance

              • French mutuel

                • English mutual
          • Latin permūtō

            • English permute
          • Latin trānsmūtō

            • English transmute
    • Proto-Indo-European mitHto-s mutual, reciprocal

      • Germanic *missaz swapped, reversed, mixed up

        • Germanic *missa- mis-, badly, wrongly

          • East Germanic

            • Gothic 𐌼𐌹𐍃𐍃𐌰- missa- mis-
          • North Germanic

            • Old Norse mis- mis-, wrong

              • Danish mis- mis-, wrong
              • Icelandic mis- mis-, wrong
          • West Germanic

            • Old English mis- bad, badly, wrong, lack, failure

              • English mis-
            • Frankish 'mis(sa)-'

              • Dutch mis- mis-
              • French mé(s)- mis-
            • Old High German missa-

              • German mis(s)- mis-
        • Germanic *missijaną to miss, to go wrong, to fail

          • North Germanic

            • Old Norse missa to miss, to lose

              • Danish miste to lose
              • Icelandic missa to lose
          • West Germanic

            • Old English missan to miss, to fail, to escape notice

              • English miss
            • Frankish *missen

              • Dutch missen to miss, to go without, to spare
            • Old High German missen

              • German missen to miss, to lose, to go without

Visual

Collected English words

municipal, remunerate, immune, mean, common, commune, communal, communion, community, communicate, communique, Mithra, migrate, mix, miscellaneous, mixture, melange, meddle, mash, mingle, mew, moult, commute, mutable, mutant, mutation, mutate, mutual, permute, transmute, mis-, miss